genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi â socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
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Tavi I<br />
<strong>genderi</strong> <strong>da</strong> misi arsi<br />
1. <strong>genderi</strong>s cneba<br />
kacobrioba qalebisa <strong>da</strong> kacebisagan Sedgeba. sazogadoebaSi maT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva adgili<br />
ukaviaT <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebul funqciebs asruleben, rac ama Tu im sa<br />
zogadoebis ganviTarebis doniT aris ganpirobebuli. sqesTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
problemebis Seswavlis gareSe SeuZlebelia a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis kompleqsuri<br />
Seswavla, amitom dRes es sakiTxi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mecnierebis Seswavlis obieqts warmoadgens,<br />
socialur mecnierebebSi ki mas erT-erTi centraluri adgili uWiravs.<br />
sqesis <strong>socialuri</strong> Teoria sqesTa Soris arsebuli tradiciuli patriarqaluri<br />
urTierTobebis egalitaruli urTierTobebiT Secvlas iTvaliswinebs <strong>da</strong> umTavresi<br />
principis – sqesTa Tanasworuflebianobis realizacias gulisxmobs.<br />
Tanamedrove sazogadoebis ganviTarebam moiTxova arsebuli maskulinuri sazogadoebrivi<br />
mowyobis struqturis, saxelisuflo institutebisa <strong>da</strong> kulturuli normebis<br />
Secvla, agreTve qaluri sawyisis, rogorc inertulisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebulis, filosofiurad<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli stereotipis axleburad gaazreba.<br />
am procesis dinamikis analizis, misi Sedegis gansazRvrisa <strong>da</strong> masze zemoqmedebis<br />
zomebis SemuSavebis dros sociologebi waawydnen sqesis kategoriebis konceptualuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTebis aucileblobas.<br />
dReisaTvis miCneulia, rom sqess aqvs biologiuri (sex) <strong>da</strong> <strong>socialuri</strong> (gender)<br />
kategoriebi. biologiuri kategoria a<strong>da</strong>mianis biologiur <strong>da</strong> anatomiur Taviseburebebs<br />
iTvaliswinebs, xolo <strong>socialuri</strong> anu genderul-sociokulturul aspeqtebs moicavs.<br />
mTlianobaSi sqesi biologiurisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>socialuri</strong>s erTobliobaa. a<strong>da</strong>mianuri individis<br />
sqesobrivi identifikacia misi ganviTarebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva etapze yalibdeba. mecnierulad<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTebulia, rom am evoluciuri procesis pirveli rgoli – qromosomuli (genetikuri)<br />
nakrebi - ganayofierebisas iqmneba <strong>da</strong> organizmis momaval genetikur programas<br />
gansazRvravs. bavSvis <strong>da</strong>badebis Semdeg sqesobrivi identifikaciis biologiuri faqtorebi<br />
<strong>socialuri</strong>T ivseba. arsebuli garemocvis zegavleniT xdeba sruli TviTaRqma <strong>da</strong><br />
masTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul interesTa, moTxovnilebaTa, RirebulebaTa sistemis Camoyalibeba.<br />
( Lorber., 1982).<br />
termini "<strong>genderi</strong>" momdinareobs berZnuli sityvi<strong>da</strong>n "genos" – <strong>da</strong>badeba, warmoSoba,<br />
jiSi, gvari, STamomavali, sqesi (<strong>for</strong>ma Gender mimReobis <strong>for</strong>maa). <strong>genderi</strong> gulisxmobs,<br />
rom mamakacebis, qalebis <strong>da</strong> garemos urTierTkavSiris analizs, upirveles yovlisa,<br />
safuZvlad un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>edos ara sqesis, aramed gvaris gamocdileba, sa<strong>da</strong>c qalis sociumi<br />
mTliani sazogadoebrivi sistemis integralur nawilad ganixileba. amasTan, <strong>socialuri</strong><br />
gamokvlevebis meTodologiis pozicii<strong>da</strong>n, cnebas "genderuli urTierToba" erTmniSvnelovani<br />
ganmarteba ara aqvs.<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTis qveynebSi "genderul kvlevebs" xSirad aigiveben cnebasTan "qalTa<br />
problemebis kvlevebi". farTo mniSvnelobiT cneba "genderuli urTierToba" sqesTa<br />
socialurad organizebul urTierTobas niSnavs. <strong>genderi</strong>, rogorc procesi <strong>da</strong> movlena,<br />
gulisxmobs sqesobrivi gansxvavebis nia<strong>da</strong>gze mamakacis mxri<strong>da</strong>n qalis yovelgvari Cagvris<br />
likvi<strong>da</strong>cias. faqtobrivad, es termini asaxavs socialur-ekonomikur fonze qalTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mamakacTa urTierTobis fenomens <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, <strong>da</strong>mkvidr<strong>da</strong>, rogorc garkveuli<br />
direqtiuli mimarTuleba qalTa uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis sferoSi. <strong>genderi</strong>s mizania qalis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cva seqsizmisagan, rac sqesobriv diskriminacias, anu erTi sqesis meoreze batonobas<br />
niSnavs.<br />
genderuli kvlevebi sul ufro did adgils ikavebs sazogadoebriv-politikur<br />
5
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