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diversidade de nematoides em sistemas de culturas e ... - Index of

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44abundances occurred in the topsoil, forming a gradient inversely proportional to<strong>de</strong>pth. The largest diversity occurred in the forest and, between crop plots, in areasun<strong>de</strong>r crop rotation syst<strong>em</strong>, compared to the succession soybean/wheat. Among thesoil manag<strong>em</strong>ent syst<strong>em</strong>s, the highest diversity occurred in areas with reduced soiltillage (no-tillage and use <strong>of</strong> cruiser, either alone or jointly) and greater dominancewas observed in areas managed with plow discs, especially in successionsoybean/wheat. N<strong>em</strong>ato<strong>de</strong> <strong>of</strong> family Cricon<strong>em</strong>atidae was efficient in differencingagricultural syst<strong>em</strong>s to native ecossyst<strong>em</strong>s and the family Dorylaimidae was efficientto show differences between crop rotation and crop succession.Key-words: Cricon<strong>em</strong>atidae. Dorylaimidae. Free-living n<strong>em</strong>ato<strong>de</strong>s. N<strong>em</strong>ato<strong>de</strong>communities. Plant-parasitic n<strong>em</strong>ato<strong>de</strong>s. Soil biodiversityINTRODUÇÃOOs solos agrícolas funcionam como um sist<strong>em</strong>a que retém etransmite água, ar, nutrientes e calor às s<strong>em</strong>entes e plantas (TORMENA et al., 2002)e seu manejo t<strong>em</strong> como objetivo <strong>of</strong>erecer melhorias <strong>em</strong> suas proprieda<strong>de</strong>s químicas,físicas e biológicas, visando aumentar seu potencial produtivo (CARVALHO et al.,2004) e criar condições favoráveis ao <strong>de</strong>senvolvimento das <strong>culturas</strong> (TAVARESFILHO et al., 2001).Entretanto, com o manejo dos solos ocorr<strong>em</strong> modificaçõesqualitativas e quantitativas, sendo as proprieda<strong>de</strong>s físicas as mais afetadas(CENTURION; CARDOSO; NATALE, 2001). A conversão <strong>de</strong> ecossist<strong>em</strong>as naturais<strong>em</strong> agrícolas afeta as características físico-hídricas do solo e o crescimento <strong>de</strong>raízes (STONE; SILVEIRA, 2001), as taxas <strong>de</strong> adição e <strong>de</strong>composição <strong>de</strong> matériaorgânica (ZINN; LAL; RESCK, 2005), as transformações microbianas, b<strong>em</strong> comosuas reações químicas (CASTRO et al., 1993), os estoques <strong>de</strong> carbono orgânico(RANGEL; SILVA, 2007) e a <strong>de</strong>nsida<strong>de</strong> e <strong>diversida<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>de</strong> organismos (LIMA; LIMA;BERBARA, 2006).Os estudos relacionados à sustentabilida<strong>de</strong> da agricultura t<strong>em</strong>aumentado o interesse no uso dos organismos da fauna do solo como

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