Forberedelse af Vandmiljøplan III Teknologiske virkemidler til ...
Forberedelse af Vandmiljøplan III Teknologiske virkemidler til ...
Forberedelse af Vandmiljøplan III Teknologiske virkemidler til ...
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Indholdsfortegnelse<br />
Sammenfatning.................................................................................................................................... 4<br />
1 Indledning................................................................................................................................... 9<br />
2 Afgrænsning ............................................................................................................................. 10<br />
3 Næringsstoftab fra stald og lager – opgørelse <strong>af</strong> ammoniakemission...................................... 11<br />
4 Kortlægning <strong>af</strong> teknologier....................................................................................................... 13<br />
4.1 Stald................................................................................................................................. 13<br />
4.1.1 Kvælstoftab ved forskellige staldsystemer.......................................................... 16<br />
4.1.2 Udviklingen ......................................................................................................... 17<br />
4.1.3 Teknologi <strong>til</strong> nedbringelse <strong>af</strong> ammoniakfordampning fra stalde......................... 20<br />
4.1.4 Konklusion - stalde.............................................................................................. 25<br />
4.2 Lager................................................................................................................................ 28<br />
4.2.1 Udviklingen ......................................................................................................... 28<br />
4.2.2 Teknologi <strong>til</strong> nedbringelse <strong>af</strong> ammoniakfordampning fra lagre.......................... 30<br />
4.2.3 Konklusion - lagre ............................................................................................... 35<br />
4.3 Gylleseparering................................................................................................................ 36<br />
4.3.1 Lavteknologiske løsninger................................................................................... 37<br />
4.3.2 Højteknologiske løsninger................................................................................... 39<br />
4.3.3 Konklusion - gylleseparering............................................................................... 42<br />
4.4 Biogas .............................................................................................................................. 44<br />
4.4.1 Reduktion <strong>af</strong> næringsstoftab ved biogasanlæg, primært biogasfællesanlæg....... 44<br />
4.4.2 Koncepter ............................................................................................................ 46<br />
4.4.3 Udviklingen ......................................................................................................... 47<br />
4.4.4 Konklusion - biogas............................................................................................. 48<br />
4.5 Oparbejdning <strong>af</strong> fast fraktion fra separering ved forgasning og pyrolyse....................... 49<br />
5 Vekselvirkninger ...................................................................................................................... 50<br />
6 Økonomi ................................................................................................................................... 52<br />
6.1 Tiltag i stalde ................................................................................................................... 52<br />
6.1.1 Kvægstalde .......................................................................................................... 54<br />
6.1.2 Svinestalde........................................................................................................... 54<br />
6.1.3 Fjerkræstalde ....................................................................................................... 54<br />
6.1.4 Pelsdyrfarme........................................................................................................ 54<br />
6.2 Overdækning <strong>af</strong> lagertanke og markstakke ..................................................................... 55<br />
6.3 Gylleseparering................................................................................................................ 57<br />
6.3.1 Lavteknologisk separering................................................................................... 57<br />
6.3.2 Højteknologisk separering................................................................................... 59<br />
6.3.3 Nedsættelse <strong>af</strong> arealkravet................................................................................... 60<br />
6.4 Biogasanlæg .................................................................................................................... 63<br />
6.5 Gylleseparering i kombination med biogas..................................................................... 64<br />
7 Næringsstofbegrænsning - dyrevelfærd - arbejdsmiljø ............................................................ 66<br />
8 Konklusion - fremtidsudsigter.................................................................................................. 67<br />
Referencer.......................................................................................................................................... 74<br />
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