Handbook of Size Exclusion Chromatography and Related ...

chromatography. Abdel-Alim and Hamielec (41) used a broad MWD PAM
standard A to create a linear calibration curve that covers the molecular weight
range from 10 3 to 10 7 g/mole. This calibration was used to characterize two
other broad-MWD standards B and C.
The Micropak TSK Gel PW, TSK Gel PWXL and Shodex OHpak Q-800,
B-800, and KB-800 series are more recently available columns developed for
analyzing the acrylamide polymers and other water-soluble polymers in aqueous
SEC. The TSK columns have been evaluated by Barth (25), Alfredson et al. (42),
Sasaki et al. (43), and Lin and Getman (44). Dhowa Denko (45) reported the SEC
analysis of PAM by Shodex OHpak columns. The narrow MWD polyacrylamide
standards (M w ¼ 1.2 10 4 to 9.0 10 6 g/mole) produced by the American
Polymer Standards Corporation are listed in Table 2. However, some acrylamide
copolymers and terpolymers are heterogeneous (40) in terms of chemical structure
and MW, and the standards having chemical structures similar to the samples are
not commercially available. The absolute MW and MWD of these polymers are
difficult to determine using conventional SEC with a single refractive index (RI)
detector and using narrow MWD standards for calibration. The on-line dual or
multidetectors were used in an SEC system to solve the above problems.
Kim and co-workers (46) developed a methodology for using RI/LALLS
dual detectors to establish the MW calibration curve and peak broadening
parameter for a wide range of MW for PAM. Lin and Getman (44) determined
the absolute MW and MWD of PAM, HYPAM, acrylamide/acrylic acid
Table 2 Polyacrylamide Standards (Reported by American Polymer Standards
Corporation)
Nonionic, 100% water-soluble powder
Catalog # M w (g/mole) Mp (g/mole) M n (g/mole) IV a (dL/g)
PAAM9000K 9,000,000 6,500,000 4,250,000 14.600
PAAM6000K 5,500,000 3,695,000 2,460,000 10.385
PAAM1000K 1,140,000 725,000 465,300 3.800
PAAM500K 524,000 331,000 209,600 2.250
PAAM350K 367,000 193,400 141,000 1.650
PAAM80K 79,000 50,500 44,400 0.645
PAAM60K 58,400 46,100 36,500 0.545
PAAM20K 21,900 17,300 13,700 0.255
PAAM10K 11,530 7,950 7,600 0.160
a
IV ¼ Intrinsic viscosity in dL/g in 0.05 M sodium sulphate at 308C.
[n] ¼ kM a , a ¼ 0.66, k ¼ 0.000373.
© 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.