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Chapter VI UV-Vis Spectroscopic…. Where, B is the photometric brightness and dS is a surface element. However, the photometric intensity Io of the front and back surfaces of the powder layer is not equal for powders in air. As the particle size decreases, the second-harmonic lobe in the backward direction grows, whereas, reduces in the forward direction. Moreover, when the same powder is contained in a liquid of matching refractive index, the uniaxial distribution is observed. The advantage of the index matching of the powder is that the second harmonic is not significantly scattered due to reflection and refraction at particle interfaces and hence all the harmonic flux is contained in a narrow cone in the forward direction. This has been demonstrated for ADP powders by Kurtz and Perry [2], which is schematically depicted in figure (6.1). Figure: 6.1 Angular distribution of second harmonic generated in ADP powders. 225
Chapter VI UV-Vis Spectroscopic…. 6.2.2 Dependence on Layer Thickness The second harmonic signal varies linearly with layer thickness L for fixed particle size r after integrating over the 4 solid angle. This indicates that the second harmonic intensity I 2 is proportional to the total number of particles present. A linear dependence on L was also found in the case of immersion of the powder in the refractive index-matching liquid. Considering that the fundamental beam strikes each particle at normal incidence. After traversing each particle the beam moves further in the forward directions and encounters nearly L/ rˆ particles, where, rˆ is average particle size. This can be discussed for phase matchable and non- phase matchable materials. For the non-phase matchable materials, n2n for certain directions of propagations, the average coherence length is ˆ 226 n n 2 av l . / 4 (6.3) c The total second harmonic intensity for the powder rˆ >> lc is total 2 2 32 2 2 64. Iext lˆ c 2 rˆ d L sin . (6.4) . . 2 c n 1 n 1 rˆ 2 2 c I . Where, d 2 is non linear optical coefficient lc= Coherence length It is very difficult to obtain powder having an exact particle size r, in fact, a distribution about some mean value rˆ . If the r.m.s. deviation of r form rˆ For rˆ
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Saurashtra University Re - Accredit
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Statements Under O. Ph.D.7 of Saura
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author expresse
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in-law, Mother- in -law and all oth
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of NLO materials in rapidly develop
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doped samples in comparison to the
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micro-hardness decreases. Also, as
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Papers Published in National and In
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Seminar on Recent Advances in Conde
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Chapter I Brief Introduction... Cha
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Chapter I Brief Introduction... In
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Chapter II Solution Growth…. Tabl
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Chapter II Solution Growth…. vapo
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Chapter II Solution Growth…. flux
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Chapter II Solution Growth…. Δ C
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Chapter II Solution Growth…. 2.6
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Chapter III CHN Analysis, FT IR …
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Chapter VII Reactivity at Dislocati
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Chapter VIII Micro-hardness studies
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Load (N) Chapter VIII Micro-hardnes
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Chapter IX General Conclusion estab
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Chapter IX General Conclusion case
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