690 Missouri Botanical Garden
Volume 91, Number 4 2004 Croat Revision of Dieffenbachia Bartolo Limite, 7 mi. W of Puerto Armuelles, Croat 35079 lateral veins 23 to 30(36) per side, departing midrib (MO); Burica Peninsula, 8 km W of Puerto Armuelles, at a 70°-110° (to 45° toward apex and sometimes Croat 21961 (F, MO); Quebrada Manzanillo, 9 km S-SW of Puerto Armuelles, Busey 743 (MO); Quebrada Quana- at base) angle, arising acutely then straight to banito beyond La Represa, 2 mi. SW of Puerto Armllelles, weakly curved to the margins (then sweeping prom- Liesner 114 (MO, US). inently toward apex), usually quilted-sunken above, convex, puberulent with thick, whitish trichomes, 2. Dieffenbachia beachiana Croat 8z Grayum, sometimes with adjacent veins alternating ascend- Novon 9: 492. 1999. TYPE: Panama. Bocas ing and descending below; interprimary veins usudel Toro: Chiriqui Grande-Fortuna, 13.2 mi. W ally present, scarcely less visible than primary latof Chiriqui Grande, 8°45'N, 82°lO'W, 310 m, eral veins; minor veins moderately distinct and T B. Croat & M. H. Grayum 60130 (holotype, weakly raised below. INFLORESCENCES 1 to 3 M0-323065!; isotypes B!, K!, PMA!, US!). Fig- per axil; peduncle 9-13 cm x 5-7 mm, drying 3- ures 3, 28B. 4 mm diam.; spathe 10-19 cm long, gradually constricted at middle, green throughout, gradually Slender herb, 40-100 cm tall; stems briefly long-tapered to apex; spathe blade to 3 cm diam. creeping at base; internodes 2-6 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm diam., medium green to olive-green, sometimes when flattened; spathe tube 1-2 cm diam.; spadix 13-15 cm long; pistillate portion 4.5-6 cm long, streaked with cream, semiglossy and obscurely roughened. LEAVES clustered near stem apex, drying 7 mm diam. throughout; fertile staminate portion 5-6.5 cm long, drying 4 mm diam. througherect-arching; petioles 17-46 cm long (averaging 26.5 cm long), sheathed 25Wo-83Wo of petiole (avout; intermediate mostly sterile portion usually 2- eraging 54%); sheath 10-22 cm long (averaging 3.5 cm long, 2 mm diam., sometimes with pistillate 14.2 cm), decurrent at apex; unsheathed portion and staminate portions almost contiguous; pistils 46 (2.5)10-30 c m long, broadly C-shaped in cross secto 66(100), 2 to 4 situated across the width of the tion, dark green to brownish, flattened with ae ute, spadix, ovary oblong-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 x 1-1.6 mm; erect margins or sharply to bluntly sul( ate a(laxistigmas subgloloular, about as broa(l as the ovary; stamino(lia narrowly clavate, usually not at all fused ally, surface pale green-mottled, matte, usually minutely roughened and with scattere(l scales, whitish at t)ase, ca. twice as long as pistil; synandria 1.8raphide c e11s visible, drying with s(attere(l clusters 2.6 nlm diam., margins irregularly sut)roun(ledX drying smooth an(l light t)rown at apex. INFRUCof pustular raised areas with granular-puberulent protrusions; I)l(lde.s narrowly elliptie to lan( eolate, 'I'ESCENCF, with spathe (10)14-16 cm long, somerarely narrowly ovate, inequilateral, one side 1-2 what flattene(l, yellow-green mottled green an(l cm wider than the other side, thinly (oria(eous to white with darker flec king, maturing to ol ange; spa- (lix 6-10 (m long; berrie.s orange, subglot)ose, 6-8 subcoriaceous, drying papyraceous, weakly bi(olomm diam. rous, + equilaterally acuminate at apex (the acumen to 5 mm long), slightly inequilateral and acute, Distril)ution (ln(X hfll)itflt. Diegenl)lchifl l)eflchirounded or truncate (rarely subcordate in Panama) *lnfl ranges from northeastern Costa Rica to western at base, 16-41 cm long, 6.5-15 cm wide (averaging Panama (Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, and Veraguas) 28 x 10.7 cm), 1.8-5.3 times longer than wide at elevations of 40 to 800 m. In Costa Rica it occ urs (averaging 2.6), 0.7-1.9 times longer than petioles on the Atlantic slope of the Central Cordillera and (averaging 1.12 times longer than petioles); margins the Cordillera Talamanca, ranging from the Saracrisped-undulate; upper surface dark green (in piqui region to Tortuguero and Siquirres. Panama sometimes mottled with white or cream), Phenology. DieJ:fenbflchifl beflchiflnfl initiates semiglossy (rarely matte), lower surface semiglossy inflorescences in the late rainy season with plants to weakly glossy or matte, slightly paler; midrib flat- reaching anthesis in the dry season (January raised above, often striate, usually concolorous through April). Immature fruits have been seen above, convex to thicker than broad below, puber- from April to September and mature fruits have ulent with thick, whitish trichomes below; prim(lry been seen from April to December. Figure 2. Dieffenbachia aurantiaca (Croat 35292). A. Habit, showing open inflorescence.-B. Close-up of spathe and spadix (spathe held in a fully splayed position). C. Close-up of leaf showing fully sheathed petiole.-D. Leaf cluster with open spathe, showing side view. E. Close-up of portion of spadix with pistils showing stigmas and the overtopping club-shaped staminodia. F. Close-up of staminate portion of spadix showing strands of pollen emerging from between androecia. 691
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