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756 Annals of the Missou ri Botanical Garden what above the middle; spathe tube 1.5-3 cm diam. Because of the fully sheathed petioles it can be when closed, 6.8-9 cm wide when flattened; con- confused only with D. horichii and D. crebripistilstricted area 4.3-4.5 cm wide flattened; spadix (9- lata. Both of the latter typically have much larger )16.5-25.5 cm long, about as long as or up to 3.0 leaves that are not at all cordulate at the base cm shorter than the spathe; free portion 7.8-8.5 cm (though they are rarely broadly and weakly subcorlong; pistillate portion (4.8-)6-11.5 cm long; mostly date). Dieffenbachia tonduzii is polymorphic with sterile portion sparsely flowered to naked (rarely regard to leaf markings in the same way as D. oerlacking, as in Croat 70768), 1.8-4.0(-8.5) cm long stedii, and is quite variable in all respects. It apwith 0.6-1.5 cm totally bare, the uppermost portion pears, in Panama, to hybridize with D. oerstedii. with a few staminodia, sometimes with a few scat- Croat & Zhu 76857C from the vicinity of Santa Fe tered staminodia throughout, the lower half some- in Veraguas Province is apparently a hybrid with times with an occasional pistil and much reduced characteristics intermediate between D. tonduzii staminodia, rarely with the female flowers + equi- and D. oerstedii. distant and nearly contiguous with staminate part The species is similar to D. daguensis, a Col- (Croat 70768); fertile staminate portion (4-)5.5-10 ombian species described from less than 200 m cm long, 7-10 mm diam., slightly broader midway, elevation on the Rio Dagua in Valle Department. weakly tapering to apex and base, bluntly pointed That sl)ecies also has many rather close primary at apex; staminate flowers 5 to 6 per spiral, + lateral veins and a fully sheathed petiole but differs rounded in outline, crenulate along margins, trun- in having the staminate and pistillate sections of cate at apex; sterile male flowers irregularly the spa(lix contiguous or nearly so. In addition, it shaped, 1.8-2.5 mm diam.; pistillate portion of spa- differs in having much shorter petioles (described dix to 11 cm long, 9-10 mm diam.; female flowers as being up to 5 cm long). (15 to)48 to 62, closely aggregated except in the A South American species, D. parlatorei Linden upper 1.5 cm of spadix, 4 to 5 across the width of & An(l re, also sometimes has petioles fully the spadix (upI)ermost pistil borne on an almost sheathe(l, but differs from D. tonduzii in having leaf bare segment of the spadix); pistils pale cream-yel- blades usually broadest al)ove the middle, semilow to pale yellow-green, smooth, 2.3-3.5 mm glossy on the lower surface, and the midrib often diam.; style (after stigma has fallen) sharply cupu- broadly l ounded and spongy. It also has the primary liform, 1.5-1.7 mm diam. with a single central lateral veins arising at a 40°-60° angle from the pore; stigmas yellow; staminodia clavate, white, 2- midrib (often at more than 60° and sometimes up 3 mm long, mostly contiguous and sometimes fused to 90° in D. tonduzii). at base. INFRUCTESCENCES with spathe pale Cro(ll 70900, from 250 m in Choco Department yellow; berries red to red-orange, 5-8 mm diam. of Cololllbia appears to be D. tonduzii but differs in sevelal ways. It has leaves with the midrib flat- Distribution and habitat. Dieffenbachia tondu- raised aI)ove with the margins undercut. It also has zii ranges from southeast Nicaragua throughout stems that appear scurfy (though weakly glossy if Central America to the Pacific slope of Colombia rubbed clean). Another difference is that the petiole (Antioquia, Choc6, Cauca, Valle) and Ecuador (Es- sheath is more prominently free-ending and submeraldas, Loja, and Los Rios), from sea level to acute at the apex. In addition, the free portion of 1400 m, in Tropical wet forest (T-wf) and Premon- the petiole is broadly and sharply sulcate. tane rain forest (P-rf) in Central America and in Tropical wet forest (T-wf) and Premontane wet forest Additio/lal specimens examined. COSTA RICA. Alajue- (P-wf) and Tropical wet forest transition to Premon- la: rd. to Colonia Virgen del Socorro, Rfo Sarapiquf, Stevens 13564 (MO), Croat 68336 (CR, MEXU, MO, TEFH); Cantane (T-wf/P) in Colombia. t6n de Alajuela, Grayum & Murakami 9939 (CR, MO); Fin- Phenology. Flowering in D. tonduzii occurs ca Los Ensayos, ca. 11 mi. NW of Zarcero, Croat 43629 throughout most of the year with flowering collec- (CM, MO); Canas-Upala, 10 km N of Bijagua, Croat 36472 tions seen from February through November. Most (MO); Rfo Zapote, Canas-Upala, Rfo Zapote, 4 km NNE of Bijagua, collections have been made from April through Au- Croat 36260 (MO); Cordillera de Tilaranv San Ram6n-Bajo Rodrfguezv Rfo Cataratitas, Croat 68097 (INBv gust. According to the collections, fruits mature MO); Cordillera de Tilaran, San Ram6n-Bajo Rodrfguez, throughout the year but with the greatest concen- vic. of km 19.5 NW of San Ram6n, Croat 78838 (MO); 17tration from October to January. 20 km NNW of San Ram6n by rd. on way to San LorenzoS The species is characterized by its fully sheathed 4-7 km N of Balsa, Ljiesner & Judziewicz 14797 (CRv MO); San Ram6n-Bajo Rodrfguez, 3S37 km NW of San Ram6n, petioles, usually matte to weakly glossy, sometimes Croat 68196 (CMS MO, W); Naranjo-Aguas Zarcas, along weakly velvety blades with cordulate bases and nu- Hwy. 15, 8 km NE of Quesada, Croat 46945 (K, MO, PMA); merous, broadly spreading primary lateral veins. Arenal Volcano, Funk et al. 10626 (CR, US), Funk et al.
Volume 91, Number 4 2004 Croat Revision of Dieffenbachia 10718 (CR); San Ram6n-Fortuna, ca. km 25, D. Smith et (CR, INB, MO) Puntarenas: Cordillera de Tilaran, Bosque al. 1059 (DUKE, MO); Cordillera de Guanacaste, Montev- Eterno De Los Ninos, Laguna Poco Sol, 18 km ENE of erde, San Gerardo Biol. Sta., 1.5 km NE of Station, D. Monteverde, Haber et al. 10824 (CR, INB). San Jose: Can- Penneys 633 (CR, INB, MO); Cordillera de Tilaran, Bosque Eterno De Los Ninos, Rio Penas Blancas, Laguna Poco Sol on del Rio Grande de Orosi, Chacon et al. 1488 (CR, MO); La Hondura, Standley 36314 (US); Vazquez de Coronado, Haber & Zuchowski 11175 (CR, MO). Cartago: Tucur- Braulio Carrillo NP, along Hwy. San Jose to Siquirres, along rique, Tonduz 12874 (G, US); Rio Naranjo, Finca E1 Cedral, Orosi, Lent 4042 (F, MO, NY, SEL); La Vuelta, Tucurrique, trail to Rio Sucio, site of the Old Carillo Station, Croat 78787 (MO). NICARAGUA. RSo San Juan: "Los Filos" Tonduz 503 (US); 1.5 mi. E of Cachi, 10.2 mi. NE of jet. near Loma Los Filos, Rio Santa Cruz, Salick 8153 (MO). at Paraiso, Croat 47088 (MO); along Camino Raiz de Hule, Zelaya: ca. 6.3 km S of bridge at Colonia Yolaina and ca. SE of Platanillo, Croat 36727 (MO), Croat 36747 (MO), 0.8 km S of ridge of Serranias de Yolaina on rd. to Colonia Croat 36821 (MO); Cant6n de Turrialba, Rio Reventazon, Manantiales, Colonia Somoza, Stevens 6420 (MO); Rio Pun- CATIE, Turrialba, Grayum et al. 9469 (CR, MO, NY), 3 km E of Turrialba "Los Espaveles" nature trail, Rio Reventa Gorda, Atlanta, mouth of Cano el Guineo, Moreno & Sandino 12855 (MO), Moreno & Sandino 12891 (MO); Rio taz6n, Liesner et al. 15330 (MO); Turrialba, Instituto Inter- Punta Gorda, Atlanta, Cano Negro mouth of Rio Chiquito, am., Lent 639 (F), Lent 694 (F); 12 km S of Turrialba by air, 4 km SE of Pejibaye along Rio Gato, Liesner 14394 Moreno & Sandino 12917 (MO); Rio Punta Gorda, Atlanta, mouth of Cano del Oro at Rio Chiquito, Moreno & Sandino (MO); Tres Equis, 1.5 km E of Turrialba-Lim6n Hwy., Lies- 12955 (MO); Rio Punta Gorda, Cano E1 Guineo, Tellez et ner et al. 15365 (MO); PN Tapanti, Oropendola trail, Nilsson al. 4875 (MEXU, MO). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Limit et al. 632 (CR); Oropendola trail, Nilsson et al. 377 (CR); trail, Parque Intl. La Amistad, from Quebrada Boca Chica Monumento Nacional Guayabo, Perez 1 (CR); Monumento to Quebrada Bonyic, Polanco 1615 (PMA); 7.7 mi. W of Nacional Guayabo, Santa Teresita, Rivera 1718 (CR, K). Guanacaste: E1 Arenal, Standley & Valerio 45262 (US); Chiriqui Grande, 1.5 mi. W of Punta Pena, Croat & Grayum 60112 (CR, MEXU, MO, PMA); Chiriqui Grande-Fortuna, E1 Real, Standley & Valerio 45206 (US); Cordillera de 13.2 mi. W of Chiriqui Grande, Croat & Grayum 60139 (B, Guanacaste, Rinc6n de la Vieja, near refugee camp, along MO, PMA); Fortuna-Chiriqui Grande Hwy. near Cont. Div., rd. NW of Quebrada Grande, Barringer et al. 4039 (F). 1.1 mi. from main hwy., Croat & Grayum 60355 (MO); Heredia: E of San Ram6n, Loiselle 106 (MO), Porto Viejo- Chiriqui Grande-Fortuna, above waterfal1, 1.6 mi. N of Rio Sucio, Croat 35753 (F, MO, PMA); La Selva, Puerto Cont. Div., Croat & Zhu 76450 (CR, MO, PMA, SCZ, US); Viejo de Salapiqui, Croat 44317 (MO); I, Selva, OTS Field Station on the Rso Puerto Viejo just F, of its j(t. with the Changuinola, near IJuzon, Kenz1edy.X253 (MO); Changuinola-Altnirante, Mile 7.5, Cro(lt & I'orter 16249 (MO); (7ual- Rso Sarapiquf, H(lmmel 8874 (l)UKk, 11, M()), (Jr(lyalrrl a( a-(4hiriqui (7ran(1e, 6.6 trsi. N of bri(lge over Fortuna 278() (I)UK1 , M()); 1, Selva, 6 kns l)y r(l. frorls Rlo l)PjE I,ake, Cro(lt 667XS (M()); (/uala( a-(3hiriquf (7rande, 1.6 mi. crossing S krs StSk, of Masasay, 5C'/I(I/.Z & (Jr(lyllm 7()6 N of Corst. I)iv., Cr()(lt 749X() (M()); (Juala( a-Chiri(ui (DUKId); lvuello Viejo just 1d of j( l. with Rfo SaIay)i(Uf, Folsom 1()116 (I)UK19); ()( ( i(lerstal tail, Kr(^.sx 84-16X() (lran({ee, X.1 rrsi. S of l'unta l'eena (Jro(lx 749H (MO); N of Forluna l)arls, M(lther.s()sl 11 129 (M()); r(s. to (Chiri(uf (SEl,); Rfo S[J(*io rseeal lvolto viPj0, (>ro(lt .XT682 (M()); Zona (^ran(le, M(l'hers0s1 7X71 (M()); 5.t-3 rlsi. N of 11orturla l)arrs, Protee(tola N slo^)es of Vol( airs 13ar1)a, })etw. Itio l)PjE All(l Rio (lUa( illso (,r(lyaltll & KSlhel.z W174 (I)U K11,). Lilllon: the.n 1.4 nsi. W alorlg gravel r(l. lo (Lorst. I)iv. trail, (ro(lt & X,hll 76X28 (M(), I'MA); along CoIsl. I)iv. trail, M(l'llersos along hwy. :32 {lorls Turriall)a to l,ills(5rl ( a. 11 rlsi. S of Siquillees (>ro(lt 4X.X@S (IS(E, M(), l'MA, WlA(2); (^uapiles 6W65 (M()); tortuna l)ans-(Chili(uf (7lan(1ee, I mi. fronl Corst. I)iv., Chllrf hill & Cllllrcl1ill 62tH (M()); ltio (Cri( ansola, Firs- I,eosl 72?() (11'); (^Ua)ile.s, 'loro Aurarillo, lJeos1 26573 ((LIt), a St. l,ouis-KorlkirltoeX W)o(lsosl Jr. (t (ll. 79()9 (t, M()). Fin( a Arlai, at he.a(1waters of (Juebra(la Mata (lee l,irls6n, W of Mata (se T,inson (Sixaola legion), (Jr(lyun1 & Schfltzt5279 Chiriqui: (7ua1a( a-11'orturla l)ans, 1 () rlsi. NW of Los Planes de Hornit(, Crc)(lt 50()49 ((2R, M()); vi(. 11ortuna l)am Of (CR, M()); 11irs(a Castilla, Do(Ige & Coerger (9489 (M()); 7 ltio Chiriqui, Croat 66533 (B, CM, lEl\CT3, l)UKIL, KY(), km SW of BriT31i, 1,. Gomez et al. 2()405 (B, MO); (Iraitlage I., MO, NY, OOMOT(), (2CA, SAIt, TkzX, US); 4.5-5 km of Rio Parisnlirla and Ri() Reventazon, Sht1k & Molina 4288 (l)UKkJ); 1() mi. S of Punta Cahuita, ca. 3 mi. S of N of Fortuna l,ake, Croat & GrKlyum 60070 (INB, MO); 7.9 mi. I)eyond (NW of) I,os l'lanes de Hornito, Croat 499.W turnoff to BrilXri, Croat 43201 (MO); Ref. IJarra del Colo- (MO); (ualaca-Bocas del Toro bolder, km 111, Gordon 3369 rad(, Rfo Chirrip6cito-Rio Sardina, Grayum 9804 (CR, (PMA); lE ortuna Dam site N of Gualaca, 7.7 mi. beyond Los MO); Par. Tortuguelo, Est. Biol. Agua Frfa, Sendero Las Planes de Hornito, Croat 48778 (MO). Cocle: vic. E1 Valle Lomas, 5 km from station, Robles 1142 (CR, MO); Sendero de Anton, La Mesa, Finca Macarenita, Croat & Zhu 76653 Los Ralldales, 8 km .SF, from station, Robles 1158 (CR (BM, C, FSU, GOET, INPA, ITIC, L, LE, MO, QCA, PMA MO); PN Tortuguero, Lomas de Sierpe, 4 km NE of station R, TEFH, UB). Darien: Mamey, Whitefoord & Eddy 372 along Rfo Sierpe, Robles et al. 2050 (CR, G, MO); Tortu- (BM, MO, PMA). San Blas: Rio Armila, 10 km WSW of guero Cant6n, BriBri-Suretka, Barringer 3525 (CR, F); Res. Puerto Obaldia, Mori et al. 6814 (MO). Veraguas: valley Indfgena Talamanca, Sukut, mouth of Rfo Sukut at Rfo of Rio Dos Bocas, 11 km from Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra Uren, Hammel et al. 17548 (CR, MO); Rfo Reventaz6n, (above Santa Fe) on rd. to Calovebora, Croat 27490 (MO); Finca Montecristo below Cairo, Standley & Valerio 48997 NW of Santa Fe, 11 km from Escuela Agricola Alto de (US); Rfo Segundo, Asunci6n, L. Go'mez & Herrera 23477 Piedra, in valley of Rio Dos Bocas, Mori et al. 3817 (F, (MO); Rfo Sixaola, BriBri-Caribbean coast, Baker & Burger MO); 0.6 mi. beyond Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra, Croat 90 (F, MO); Lim6n-Shiroles, Rfo Sixaola, 0.9 mi. SW of & Folsom 33989 (MO); 1.7 mi. past Alto Piedra School, Bambu, 6.5 mi. SW of BriBri, Croat 43298 (MO); Rfo Six- Croat & Zhu 76858 (MO, PMA); beyond Escuela Agricola aola, ca. 0.5 mi. SW of Bambu, ca. 3 mi. NE of Bratsi, Alto Piedra, Croat 49070 (MO); 3-5 mi. N of Santa Fe, Croat 43266 (CR, MO); Tortuguero Cant6n, BriBri-Sixaola, Gentry 3035 (MO); vic. Escuela Agricultura Alto Piedra NW of Paraiso, Barringer et al. 3479 (CR, F); Cordillera near, Antonio 2994 (MO); 0.6 mi. beyond Escuela Agricola de Talamanca, headwaters of Quebrada Kakebeta below di- Alto Piedra, Croat & Folsom 34042 (MO); Cerro Tute revide between Rio Xikiari and Rio Boyei, Grayum 10858 serve, along ridge to summit, Croat 66993 (HUA, MO, 757
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Revision of "Dieffenbachia" (Aracea
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Volume 91, Number 4 2004 Croat Revi
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Volume 91, Number 4 2004 Table 2. T
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Volume 91, Number 4 2004 Table 3. C
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Volume 91, Number 4 2004 %()111P .S
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Volume 91, Number 4 Croat 685 2004
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690 Missouri Botanical Garden
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692 :: A: Annals of the Missouri Bo
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694 Annals of the Missouri Botanica
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704 r Annals of the Missouri Botani
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