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694 Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden Figure 4. Dieffienbachia burgeri. A, C, D. (Croat & D. Hannon 79211). A. Side view of whole plant showing roots, stem, leaves, and inflorescences. B. (Croat & Grayunz 59814). Cultivated collection with open inflorescence. C. Close-up of inflorescence with spathe cut open. D. Mature infructescences, one open with berries exposed.
Volume 91, Number 4 2004 Croat Revision of Dieffenbachia (sometimes matte or weakly glossy on both surfac- life zones (Holdridge, 1967). It occurs in wet forests es), drying medium yellow-green to yellow-brown, and swampy sites. midrib above flat to sharply sulcate, sometimes flat- Phenology. Flowering in D. burgeri occurs in raised, 3-5 mm wide, semiglossy, concolorous, dry- the late wet season to early dry season from Noing slightly darker than surface, convex to thicker vember to March, and mature fruits have been seen than broad below, convex toward apex, slightly pal- from early April to early October. er than surface, drying dark brown to yellow-brown, Discussion. The species is characterized by the often acutely l-ribbed, primary lateral veins (13)18 petiole sheathed 1/3z/3 of its length, with the sheath to 28 per side, departing midrib at an acute angle, acute at the apex, and the usually matte, greenishthen spreading at (40°)45°-70° angle, sweeping drying leaf blades with numerous primary lateral along margin, not forming collective veins, sunken veins. The blades are quite variable, ranging from to quilted above, convex beneath, drying darker or narrowly oblong-elliptic to ovate-elliptic, oblonglighter than surface, the interprimary veins slightly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic. Dieffenbachia burless prominent than primary lateral veins, minor geri is most easily confused with D. oerstedii and veins moderately close and darker than surface differs from that species in having the petiole (drying weakly raised), surface minutely speckled sheath acute at the apex, rather than free-ending on drying. INFLORESCENCES 1 to 7 per axil, pe- and rounded to auriculate as in D. oerstedii. In adduncle 7.5-12 cm x 4 x 7 mm, medium ;reen, dition, D. burgeri has more primary lateral veins, moderately glossy (sap with a faint, unusual scent), numbering (13)18 to 28 per side (vs. (4)6 to 9(11) spathe 11.5-15(21) cm long at anthesis, 1.1-1.9 cm per side in D. oerstedii). longer than the spadix, glossy to semiglossy on both Burger & Liesner 7254 describes the spathe at surfaces, flattening 2.7-3 cm diam. at constriction, anthesis as having a strong unpleasant aroma. dark green outside throughout, slightly paler inside, Etymology. The species is named in honor of spathe blade < 2 cm diam. when furled, spathe William Burger of the Field Museum of Natural tube to 10 cm long, 1.5-2.0 cm diam., flattening History, long-time expert on Costa Rican plants, 3.7-7 cm wide, spathe blade 2.7-3.7 cm diam. at who ma(3e the first collection of the spec ies as well anthesis, .a(lix 9-15.6 cm long at anthesis, free as most of the earliest (olle(tions during his exportion 44.7 ( m long; pistillate portion 5-6 t m peditions t() Costa Ri(a. long, the fertile staminate portion 4-6.5 cm long, 5-6 mm diam., directed slightly forward out of the spathe, sterile intermediate segment 1.5-3 ( m long, Par(lty/)es. (:()S'I'A R1(:A. Puntarenas: Palmar, Sur- (:ha(arita krll 287, (a. 3 km NX of Cha(arita, (rrayllnt et. l. 7547 (INf3, MO); Refugio Na(. Gc)lfito, Fila Gamba, 5 mm diam., with many staminodia near base and few just below fertile staminate portion, pistils 21 to 37, moderately closely spaced, almost (ontiguous, to 3 dispersed across spadix width, weakly Rio (Carlaza (trainage, Grayllnt & G. Herrera 9236 (CR, MO); Fila Barriganes, ca. I km %, 3 km W of Canasas, Croat & Grflyunt 59814 (COL, CR, INB, MO, PMA, QCNE, SCZ, TEFH, US); Piedras Blancas Rinc6n 3.7 mi. W of Pan-Am Hwy., Croat 67692 (MO); Chacarita-Rincon constricted below middle, green to pale yellow, de Osa, ca. 6 km W Chacarita, Croat & Grayunz 59731 stigmas pale yellow, 1-1.5 mm on drying, stami- (CR, MO); Rincon de Osas ridge letw. Quebrada Aparicio- Quebrada Aguabuena, Grayunz et al. 4014 (CR, MO); W nodia about as long as or slightly longer than pis- of Rincon de Osa, Croat & Grayunz 59851 (MO); Par. Nac. tils, somewhat flattened and thickly swollen, sub- Sector Esquinas, YiC. of Fila Gamba hills behind Esquinas globular and somewhat truncate at apex synandria Rain Forest Lodge, along Quebrada Negra, at end of side drying irregularly somewhat rounded, the margins rd. off of Villa Bricena to Golfito Rd., Croat & D. Hannon 79286 (CM, INB, MO); San Jose, along rd. to San Isidro usually irregularly turned upward, 1-1.4 mm diam. del General, Burger et al. 10671 (F, MO); Golfito, Queat apex, orange to yellow-orange, green, narrowly brada Negra, Marten 848 (F); Osa, ca. 5 km W of Rincon an;led on one side. INFRUCTESCENCE with de Osa, Burger & Gentry Jr. 8898 (CR, F); near the airfield spathe usually orange, fruiting spadix 5-7 cm long, ca. 4 mi. W of Rincon de Osa, Burger & Stolze 5489 (F); ca. 3 cm wide, berries orange-red to red-orange dry- W of airstrip, Utley & Utley 1100 (CR, F). San Jose: Perez Zeledon Cant6n, San Isidro General-Dominical, Fila ing pale yellow-brown, ovoid, 7-8 mm lon;, seeds Tinamastes, Croat & D. Hannon 79112 (INB, MO, QCNE, drying blackened, minutely warty. USM); San Isidro del General-Dominical, above Alfombra, Burger & Baker 10121 (F, MO). Distribution and habitat. Dieffenbachia burgeri is endemic to southwestern Costa Rica on the Pa- 4. Dieffenbachia concinna Croat & Grayum, Nocific slope from Dominical to the Osa Peninsula, von 9: 492. 1999. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarsea level to 500 m, rarely 1(300 m elevation, in enas: Palmar Norte-Panamanian border, 3 km Tropical wet forest (T-wf) Premontane wet forest (P- N of jet. to Rinc6n, 8°48'39"N, 83°16'18"W, wf), and sometimes in Premontane rain forest (P-rf) 110 m, 10 Sep. 1996, 1: B. Croat & D. Hannon 695
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