l - CNCFlora
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Volume 91, Number 4<br />
2004<br />
Croat<br />
Revision of Dieffenbachia<br />
ing to (3.7)4.5-5.7 cm wide midway; spadix 13-29 cies differs in having a minutely granular upper<br />
cm long, ca. 1-9 cm shorter than the spathe; the surface, a matte-drying lower midrib with promifree<br />
portion 11-16 cm long; fertile staminate por- nent raphide cells (vs. drying glossy without raphtion<br />
5.7-10.5 cm x 6-11 mm, slightly broader at ide cells), and matte-drying petioles (vs. drying<br />
middle, gradually tapering toward both ends, blunt- glossy).<br />
ly rounded at apex; male flowers 4 to 6 per spiral, In the Rio Guanche area of Colon Province, Pansubrounded<br />
to hexagonal, sometimes depressed ama, the species may be hybridizing with D. cremedially,<br />
the margins irregularly and smoothly in- bripistillata since both species occur along the Rio<br />
dented; pistillate portion 5.5-14 cm long, 11-15 Guanche and in the Santa Rita area further inland<br />
mm diam., extending down to the very base of the and at higher elevations. Some plants have the free<br />
spathe; pistils 48 to 60(79) globose, green, to 2.5- portion of the petiole over half its length on aver-<br />
3 mm diam., moderately closely spaced except age, which is characteristic of D. nitidipetiolata<br />
sometimes in uppermost 1 cm (the distance be- (but not of D. crebripistillata), yet the free portion<br />
tween them generally equaling or up to twice their is not notably glossy as is usually the case for D.<br />
width), usually to 3 per spiral or 4 to 6 in an arch nitidipetiolata. Examples of these collections are<br />
across the width of the spadix; stigma yellow, de- McPherson & Merello 8235 from Santa Rita Ridge<br />
pressed-globose, simple; staminodia 3 to 5 per flow- and Thompson 4874 from Rio Guanche. The Mcer,<br />
clavate, white, 2-6 mm long, up to 2 times lon- Pherson and Merello collection also describes the<br />
ger than pistil, somewhat flattened and mostly petiole as having a white streak on the abaxial surcontiguous<br />
at base (sometimes united in pairs), face, a feature otherwise known only in D. crebrisometimes<br />
slightly thickened and somewhat puck- pistillata.<br />
ered at apex, drying orange; staminate portion interrupted<br />
from piKstillate portion by a + naked por- P(lrfityl)es. C()S'rA RICA. Alajuela: -34 km beyond<br />
tion, 2.tS-4.S c m x 5-9 mm with a few Ksterile San l4aril6n 1)eyond l jos Angeles, I,llteyn W@8.T (l)UKIS);<br />
llo(lt. 4.X36)8 (M()); (,lJcililo-(,ual)i<br />
lees 14(l., A(lrritlMevr 2416) (t''). Hereflia: 1, Xeelneal<br />
sea level to 12()() m in wettel palts of Trol)ic<br />
va at Xalul)i(lili, llT7l()ll.()Z 1()3 (M()); 1, X,011 Plole(lola<br />
moi.st foresl ( 1 -mf), Premont(lrle wet /orest (P-wf), Rio (,rU('ililO, (,r(zl-lllzl & ks(&h(ltz .X218 (I)U Ktg); La Selva,<br />
Tro/)ie(ll wet forest (T-wf), an(1 Premontarle rairl /or- ()'1'S tX'ieel(l Aluliorl orl ttlee Rfo Puello Viejo, E of its jcnl.<br />
est (P-rf) 1ife zones (Holdli(lge, 1967).<br />
wiltl ttle>. ttfo SaIal)iqui, Ctro(lt 442.S4 (M()), H(lltlmel 8123<br />
Phenology. Dief/erl b(lchi(l niti(lil)etiol(lt(l flow-<br />
(I)UKt, tX', M()), Burger & kSXtolze .57.53 (tX', (,,t), Fol.som<br />
92()() (I)U Ktg), H(ltnmel 1()()82 (I)UKIS), Beflch 14tSb<br />
ers principally at the beginning of the lainy season (l)UKIS), Beflch 1439 (DUKIi, MO), M(lcL)ougal 1()27<br />
(June-September), but also as early as March and (DUKIL), Jitzzezzez 1()3 (MO); Rio Salapi(lui, 2 km S of San<br />
as late as October, with the heaviest flowering ap- Miguel, Lent 37 (tX'); Sarapiqui, Croat 44307 (MO), Grapalently<br />
in August. Fruitillg collectiolls 11ave been yum. 2225 (DUKE, MO); San Jose and Pto. Viejo, vie. of<br />
Chilamante, 11.6 mi. N of Cariblanco, Croat 68379 (MO).<br />
made from May through January.<br />
Limon: Hitoy Cerere reserve, SW of Valle lga Estrella,<br />
Discussion. The species is characterized by its along Rfo Cerere to ca. 1 km upstream from Quebrada<br />
long, glossy petioles with the unsheathed portion Barrera, Grayum & Hammel 5785 (MO); Res. Biol. Hitoy<br />
being moderately elongate, 0.7-0.24 cm of their Cerere, Valle de la Estrella, trail to Cerro Bob6cara, G.<br />
length, and which dry glossy as though varnished, Herrera 4116 (CR, MO); N of Quebrada E1 Molinete, Rfo<br />
Chirrip6-Rfo Corinto, Grayum & Jacobs 3524 (MO); Ref.<br />
and by the moderately closely spaced pistils. It is Nac. Barra del Colorado, Rfo Chirrip6cito-Rfo Sardina,<br />
most easily confused with D. Iongispatha, differing Grayum 9844 (CR, MO); Rfo Catarata, Burger et al. 1()323<br />
from that species in having the pistils much smaller (F, MO, SEL); BriBri-Rfo Sixaola, Rfo Catarata, Burger &<br />
and aggregated and from D. crebripistillata in hav- Antonio 1()9()5 (F, MO, PMA); BriBri-Caribbean coast,<br />
Croat 43217 (MO). Puntarenas: E of Monteverde on the<br />
ing the petiole almost unsheathed (vs. sheathed<br />
Pacific watershed, Burger et al. 1()699 (MO); Palmar Normostly<br />
to the apex in D. crebripistillata). The spe- te-Panamerican border, 3 km N of turn-off to Rinc6n,<br />
cies may be confused with D. hammelii. That spe- Croat & O. Hannon 79199 (INB, MO, US). San Jose:<br />
733