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728 Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden appearing to be a double fruit, bright yellow to or- comm.). Dieffenbachia longispatha and D. nitidiange, mesocarp ca. 2 mm thick, soft, sweet and petiolata do not occur together in Costa Rica since tasty at maturity; seeds oblong, 7-8 mm diam., D. Iongispatha barely crosses west of the Panama brown to black, smooth. Canal. In eastern Panama D. Iongispatha is found principally in areas of Tropical moist forest (T-mf) Distribution and habitat. Dieffenbachia longis- near E1 Real. patha ranges from central Panama to northern Co- Smaller plants of D. Iongispatha may also be lombia, mostly from sea level to 180 m, but perhaps confused with D. crebripistillata. In addition to beto 250 m (owing to a collection at Rio Tuquesa with ing a plant of smaller stature (rarely to 1.3 m tall), no elevation reported), occurring in Tropical moist it has more fully sheathed petioles (often to the (T-mf), Prernontane wet (P-wf), and Tropical wet for- base of the blade and sometimes overlapping the est (T-wf) life zones (Holdridge, 1967). In Panama blade) that usually have a whitish band abaxially it occurs on both coasts, but it is relatively rare on and dry conspicuously yellow or orange-brown (vs. the Pacific slope. green for D. Iongispath(l). In addition, D. crebripis- Phenology. While collections of D. Iongispatha tillata differs in having smaller spathes (to 28 cm) have been ma(le in both flower and fruit year-round, with the pistils closely aggregated on the spadix, flowering OcCUIs y)rincipally during the first half of with (57)80 to 100 pistils versus 10 to 26 for D. the rainy season between June and August, while Iongispatha. Finally, though there may be a certain fruits mature throughout much of the dry season overlap in their ranges in areas along the Atlantic and the first liall' of the rainy season, especially coast in Colon Provine e! D. crebripistillata generally from Februaly to September. occurs at higher elevatiollst mostly 250 to 975 m. Discussion. I)iegenbachia longispatha grows most frequently .llong streams, in deposits of sedi- Additional specimens e.w-(l lr1itled. PANAMA. Bocas ment along lak s in standing water, but also in del Toro: 1.5 km N ol Ll Cluta, Peterson 6405 (US). Canal Area: Barro Co l ox tIdo I s l and, Armour Trail 2000, deep soil in tl( lorest understory. Frequerltly it is Croat 11321 (F, MO, US): Btlll)our Trail 225, Croat 6471 found solitary ol irl small clusters. While the spe- (MO); Barbour Trail 2()()* C/-eelt 7/36 (MO); Drayton Trail, cies may colollize it is typically much less ( olonial near end, Croat 5767 (M()); Dlayton Trail 1610, Croat than other sl)e( ies in Panama and Coloml)ia, such 5761 (MO); Lake Trail, Cro(lt 6276 (MO, SCZ); Oppenas D. isthmia, 1). oerstedii7 or D. killipii. heirner 67-1-3-1244 (M()); Miller Trail 300, Croat 4095 (MO); Miller trail 1400, The species is; characterized by its usually tall (Xlro(/t 17394A (MO); Miller Trail 1375, Croat 7455 (MO); I'(llson Trail 400, Croat 4134 ((1)1.5-3.5 nl lligh) and robust stem (usually 6-12 (MO); Snyder-Molino Tltlil, (XOat 6192 (MO); Van Tyne cm diam.), an(l ly the petiole being inconspicu- Trail, Stimson 5277 (DUKI,* STRI); Wheeler Trail 300, ously sheathe(l and decurrent at the apex with a Croat 4125 (MO); Zetek 'I'ltlil 500, Fuertes Cove, Croat long subterete Iree portion beneath the bla(le, this 5259 (MO), Croat 6409 (M()); ().6 mi. N of Gamboa near Rio Frijol, Tyson 1438 (M()); vi(. Curundu Housing area drying charae teristically olive-green or dark larown. of Albrook Air Force bas^, I'alque Metropolitano, Croat Perhaps most ( haracteristic of D. Iongispatha are & Zhu 76203 (AAU, (E l{, M ( ), US); Gatun Locks-Fort the widely scattered, moderately sparse and very Sherman, 1 mi. E of Foll fils^lman, Croat & Zhu 76266 (MO, US); Rio Grande-Pe (llo Vidal, rd. to Arraijan, large pistils all(l the usually long spathe. Dieffen- Pittier bachia longi.s/)atha is typically one of the tallest 2715 (US); near Fort l
Volume 91, Number 4 2004 0.9-1.7 cm wider than the other, weakly to narrowly acuminate to acute and apiculate at apex, rounded and usually inequilateral, sometimes acute and decurrent on the petiole at base, moderately un- dulate along the margins, moderately coriaceous to subcoriaceousX very dark green and semiglossy to weakly glossy above, sometimes mottled in a band along the midrib (especially heavy on one side below the middle) with yellow-green to cream above, drying dark gray-brown to dark brown and matte to weakly glossy above, slightly to moderately paler and weakly glossy to matte below, drying yellow- Croat Revision of Dieffenbachia Llano-Cartl Rd., near border with San Blas Province, Croat 67399A (MO); Rfo TapiaX Standley 26156 (US), Standley 28238 (US). San Blas: E of Puerto Obaldia, Croat 16923 (MO). COLOMBIA. Antioquia: San Luis, Guillernio & Cardenas L. 863 (HUA, JAUM). Choco: Acandi, Rio Cuti, Corr. Unguia, Roniero-Castaneda 6436 (COL); Nuqui, Corr. Arusi, vic. Arusi, Rio Arusi, Croat & M. Mora 83777 (= Mora 394) (MO). Meta: PN Natural Tinigua, Serrania Chamusa, Centro de Investigaciones Primatologicas La Macarena, Camp Colombia Stevenson 379 (COL). green, weakly glossy; rnidrib slightly flat-raised, concolorous and 4-5 mm wide, weakly ribbed and rmedially sulcate above, narrowly rounded and slightly paler below, drying flat-raised and slightly darker yellow-brown above; primary lateral veins 14 to 16 per side, arising at an acute angle, then spreading at 25°-70° angle (25°-45° angle toward the apex, 65°-70° toward the base), weakly quiltedsunken to narrowly sunken and concolorous, sometimes in weak valleys above, darker and convex to 17. Dieffenbachia lutheri Croat, sp. nov. TYPE: round-raised, minutely granular-puberulent to sca- Panama. Chiriqui: along border of Bocas del bridulous below, drying weakly and narrowly Toro Province, Cerro Colorado, above mine, raised, concolorous above, irregularly angular and 1600 m, originally collected by Luther et al., yellow-brown below; minor veins on upper surface cultivated at Marie Selby Botanical Gardens in part weakly etched, concolorous, those on the (acc. #86-0873), 4 Oct. 1991, S. 1E Ingram lower surface moderately obscure to easily visible, 1146 (holotypeX MO-4224350!; isotypes, B!, darker than surface; lower surface densely pale- COL!, K!, MEXU!, PMA!, SEL-065912!, US!). spotted, the spots regularly rounded and evenly Figures 17, 27B. spaced. INFLORESCENCE 1 per axil; peduncle 4- Planta 0.6-1.5 m alta; internodia brevia, 2.0-2.4 cm diam.; petiolus 23 cm longus, vaginatus ().7 lorlgitudinis; lamina anguste ovata, (24)27-34 ( m longa, 14-1 5 em latcl, 6 cm long, 1 cm diam., drying dark yellow-brown, 3.5-8 mm wide; spathe pale green on botll surfaces, white near tip, acuminate at apex, 16.5-20.S cm nervis primclliis lateralibus 14-16 utroque; inflores(enti 1 per axillatn; pedunculus 4-6 (m longus, 1 (rn (ticlm.; spclthcl pcllli(le viridis, 16.t5-2().tS ( ltl lorlgcl. long, flattenecl to 3.5 ( m wide on tube, drying yellowish l)rown; sl)(l(li-x 14-20 ( m long (ine lu(ling 1- 1.tS (m long sti^)e); istillate ortion of sI)a(}ix 7.()- HerT), ().6-1.5 m tall; say) not srrlelling of oxali( 7.t3 ( m x 8-9 rnrrl, ( om)letely ( ontiguous with staa(id; i71tUrl7.0(les short, to 2 (nl long, 2.()-2.4 (m minate )ortion or nearly so; starninate lsor tion of liam., (lark green an(l semiglossy, (Irying Illatte an(l syxa(lix 5. 3-8 ( rn x 5-9 rnm on (Irying, with the t)laekene(l; /)etioles ea. 2tS ( m long, (lark greell an(l renlnants of lhi(ke-le(l the(ae visilvle along u^)y)er weakly glossy, smooth or with fine, of)S( ure lines on margills; ^islils 55 to 6(, 2 to 4 or tllem in a sy)iral fresh matelial, sheathe(l ().7 their lengthe (Irying ae loss the wi(lth of the slea(lix, soliletililes mo(lel- (lark olive-gray towal d l)ase, somewllat yel lowish ately s)arsely sI)ae e(Se (Iryilly sonletimes ^)romibrown toward apex; sheath ae ute on one si(le at nently ('OllVeX an(l the I)istils thus visilvle fronl lsoth apex, the other side narrowly loun(Se(l at al)ex, with to) an(l si(le views; pistils 1.4-2.3 mm wide; stigt)oth si(les c onfluent, the sheath mal gins (Irying mas pale yellow, 1.f3-l.7 mm diam., drying with thin, pale brown, the innel surface of the sheath short, mostly ae ute, mostly ereet strigose tric homes; pale yellow-green and very glossy, drying light yel- staminodia 2-3 mlll long, 1.0-1.6 mm wide, marklow-brown, much paler than the outer surface; free edly thiekened at the apex, sometimes broader than portion of the petiole oval to sharply C-shaped in long, white, drying yellow-brown; synan(lria creamy cross section, 7 cm long, sharply sulcate to flat- white, drying irregularly rounded to angular, 0.5tened with sharply ridged margins; blades narrowly 3.0 mm wide, yellow-brown, the apex sunken on ovate, (24)27-34 x 14-15 cm, 1.9-2.2(2.7) times drying, mediuln yellow-browll with pale, rounded, longer than wide, slightly inequilateral, one side cellular inclusions. Berries not seen. 729 Distribution and habitat. DieJ2fenbachia lutheri is apparently endemic to the region of Cerro Colorado in Chiriqui and Bocas del Toro Provinces at 1390 to 1600 m in the Lower rnontane rain forest (LM-rf) life zone (Holdridge, 1967). Phenology. A flowering collection was made in Panama, and the species has flowered in cultivation in October at the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens. Discussion. The species is most similar to D. Iongispatha in having a considerable portion of the petiole unsheatlled and obtusely sulcate; the sheatl
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Revision of "Dieffenbachia" (Aracea
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