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748 Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden DiefJenbachia ventenatiana Schott, Bonplandia 7: 30. green and glossy soon becoming dark green, se- 1859. Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. ventenatiana miglossy to almost matte, smooth. LEAVES arching; (Schott) Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 568. 1899. Dieffenbachia seguine var. ventenatiana (Schott) Engl. petioles 10-34.5 cm long, averaging 29.7 cm long, Pflanzenr. IV, 23 Dc(Heft 64): 48. 1915. TYPE: Su- medium green and weakly glossy, rarely white, riname. Without locality, Hostrnann s.n. (holotype, sometimes densely pale green maculate, sheathed K!). 2/3_85 or more their length, free part of petiole 5-7 DiefJenbachia lingulata Mart. ex Schott, Prod. Syst. Aroid. 334. 1860. Dieffenbachia seguine var. Iingulata cm long, acutely sulcate; sheath 20-28 long, pale (Mart. ex Schott) Engl., F1. Bras. 3(2): 175. 1878. green and matte on inside, usually acute on one Diefferl6achia seguine subvar. Iingulata (Schott) side, rounded on the other side, sometimes inequi- Engl., lSot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 568. 1899. TYPE: Brazil. laterally acute on both sides, curved inward along Para: (J. M(lrtius 3307 (holotype, M!). the margins but the sides not contacting, faintly Dieffienb(lchi(l irror(lta Schott, Prod. Syst. Aroid. 335. 186(). Die.lRn6achia seguine fo. irrorata (Schott) striate throughout but especially noticeable toward Engl., Fl. IAras. 3(2): 175. 1878. Deffenbachia se- the base, the basal portion of the sheath often perguine sul)var. irrorata (Schott) Engl., Bot. Jahrb. sisting after much of the petiole falls free; blades Syst. 26): 5623. l899. Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. ovate-lanc eolate, 17-38.5 cm long, 10-20 cm wide irrorflt(l (S( holt) Engl., Pflanzenr. IV, 23 Dc(Heft 64): 48. 1()15. 'I'YI'Id: Brazil. Para: C. Martius 2640 (ho- (averaging 32.1 x 17.3 cm), 2.7-3.3 times longer lotypt?, M!). than wide, 1.2-1.6 times longer than petioles, ine- Die,0enbachi(l ( ons/)lircata Schott, J. Bot. 2: 52. 1864. quilateral, one side 1.5 cm broader, inequilaterally Die.,ffierl b(l ( hi(l seguine fo. conspurcata (Schott) Engl., rounded at base or with one side acute the other F1. Bras. -3(2): 175. 1878. TYPE: Brazil. Para: Schott rounded, subcoriaceous, semiglossy, medium-dark painti rlgs 184(3 & 1850 (microfiche 65 b5 & b6) selve ax thee ty)e (lectotype, designated here). green, sornetimes mottled with pale green or white, Dieffenb(x(11i(l b(lrr(l.(lliiniana Verschaff. & Lem., Ill. Hort. especially along midrib, moderately paler below; ll: 1. 3297. 1X64. Dieffenbachia seguine fo. barra- midrib fklttened-convex and slightly paler, ca. 6 quini(111(l (Vels(haff. & I,em.) Engl., F1. Bras. 3(2): mm wi(le above, narrowly rounded and slightly pal- ]74. 129729. 1)i()@fenbachicl seguine subvar. barraquiniarla (Veels(htllf. & Lem.) Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. er below, sometimes darker green-maculate in low- 26: 5()tA. 189(). Dieffenb(lchia picta var. barraquini- er half; )r-imary lateral vein.s 13 to 15(19) per side, ana (Vels( hall. & Lem.) Engl., Pflanzenr. IV, 23 arising tlt 40°-50° angle, quilted-sunken and con- D((Hell 64): S(). 1915. TYPE: not designated; the colorous tlbove, concolorous and concave below; inilluslltiorl ill lll. Hort. 11: t. 387. 1864, serves as terprimclly veins usually present and nearly as conthet ty^)e (le( lolype, designated here). Dieffenba(11.i.(l ;,yiA,r(ll1tea Verschaff., Ill. Hort. 13: t. 470, spicuous; as primary lateral veins; minor veins 471. 1866. 1)ieffenbachia picta subvar. gigantea moderately indistinct, arising from the midrib and (Vers( llaff.) Etlgl., Bot. Jahrb. 26. 569. 1899. TYPE: parallelillg the primary lateral veins. I1NFLORESnot (leesignatee(l; the illustration in Ill. Hort. 13 470- CENCES 1 to 4 per axil, usually solid green but 471. 1866, setves as the type (lectotype, designated here). sometimes pale greenish yellow maculate through- Dieffenba(l1ifl wellli. ii Linden, Ill. Hort. 17: t. 11. 1870. out (ma( ulations sometimes appearing in irregular DieJkIlb(lc 11i(l seguine subvar. wallisii (Linden) transverse rows on spathe); peduncles 2.5-14 cm Engl., Iflarl>enr. IV 23 Dc(Heft 64): 47. 1915. long, 7-X x 8-12 mm diam., medium green, weak- TYItId: Brazil. Rio Negro, 1866, Wallis s.n. (holotype, ly glossy, faintly dark green-striate; spathe 11-24 K!). Dieffenba(hia bra.siliensis Veitch, Cat. 12. 1875. DiefJen- cm long, abruptly acuminate at apex, gradually bachi(l picta fo. brasiliensis (Veitch) Engl., F1. Bras. constricted above tube, in the upper 2/3, medium- 3(2): 176. 1878. TYPE: Brazil. Not designated; dark green and semiglossy to matte outside, slightly drawing on p. 12 of Veitch Cat. serves as the type paler and glossy within; spathe blade at anthesis (lectotype, designated here). DiefJenbachia picturata L. Linden & Rodigas, Ill. Hort. stiffly erect then recurving near apex; spathe tube 39: l()l. t. 163. [CLXII] 1892. Dieffenbachia picta 7-10 cm long, 1.2-1.8 x 2.0-2.5 cm diam.; spadix Schott subvar. picturata Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 10-19 cm long; the naked portion at base 1.5-2.5 570. 1899. TYPE: Venezuela. Illustration in Ill. cm long; pistillate portion of spadix 4-8.5 cm long; Hort. vol. 39: t. 163. 1892, serves as the type (lec- pistils 20 to 25, closely aggregated except in upper totype, designated here). DiefJenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott subvar. ventenatiana 10-12 mm, with up to 3 of them in a loose spiral (Schott) Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 568. 1899. Dief- across the spadix but usually with 1 or 2 at any fenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott, var. ventenatiana level on the spadix; ovary bicarpellate, markedly (Schott) Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 23 Dc(Heft 64): 48. bilobate, rarely 3- or 4-locular (and 3- to 4-lobate, 1915. Diefenbachia ventenatiana Schott, Bonplandia 7: 30. 1859. TYPE: Suriname. Hostnian (K!). respectively), pale green, semiglossy, 3.2-3.6 x 2.1-2.4 mm; stigmas pale orange, doubled (one for Herb, to 1.5 m tall; stems reclining at base then each locule) but usually fused along the adjoining erect; internodes 1.7-5 x 1.5-4.0 cm, medium margins, 2.3-4.3 x 2.0-2.4 mm diam.; staminodia
Volume 91, Number 4 2004 Croat Revision of Dieffenbachia 4 per pistil, 2.8-3.1 mm long, 0.8-1.0 mm wide at wendlandii. The latter species was even erroneousapex, slightly thickened toward apex, flattened and ly synonymized with D. seguine by Engler (1915). free at base, the base equally as wide or up to twice Both species sometimes have blades of similar as wide as the apex; fertile staminate portion of shape, and both have petioles that are comparably spadix 5-7.5 cm long, 5-15 mm diam., slightly sheathed and sometimes sharply C-shaped on the broader midway, tapering slightly toward both ends, free portion. However, D. wendlandii differs in havbluntly acute to rounded at apex, at anthesis pro- ing pistils with a single ovule. The staminate spadix truding forward out of spathe and usually being of D. wendlandii is also more or less tapered toward trapped there by the closing spathe; staminate flow- the apex and not protruding strongly forward at aners 5 to 6(8?) per spiral, (1.6)2.2-3.5(4) mm diam., thesis, whereas in D. seguine the spadix is stubbysquarely rounded to rounded, sometimes broadest ellipsoid. perpendicular to the axis, smoothly rounded at I agree with Bunting (1979), who synonymized apex, sometimes with a transverse linear slit me- both D. picta Schott and D. rrzaculata (Lodd.) G. dially; anthers 5 to 6 per synandrium, shedding Don under D. seguine. This species has been the their pollen well below the rim of the synandrium; most confusing of all Araceae in the number of epthe mostly naked portion of spadix 2.0-4.0 cm long, ithets (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, and 6-8 mm diam., medium green with 1 pistil in lower forms) recognized, over 60 in all. Some are varieties 1/3 and with 2 to 3 staminodes in upper 1/2, some- of D. picta, others varieties of D. seguine or comtimes with only a few staminodia scattered in upper binations between the same two taxa. It is not clear 3/4. Berries bright red or orange. why this should be so. Throughout its range it is Distribution and habitat. Dieffenbachia seglline no more variable than any other species of Dieffenranges throughout much of the West Indies from bachia, but it is quite widespread and this brings Cuba (Ileana Arias, Havana, pers. comm.), Jamai- it into contac t with more workers. Most of the epc a, Hispaniola, and Puerto Ric o, through the LeKsKser ithets were l)ased on Schott names, but Engler AntilleKs to 'I'rinidad and South Amerie a, there rang- treate(l most of these as varieties or sul)varieties of ing throughout much of Venezuela (Ama%onaKs, Ar- D. .seguine or D. /)icta. All of the taxa involved agua, A)ure, Bolivar, Caral)obo, I)elta Amae UIo, share a suite of chara(ters that make it unique, namely the shar^)]y sulcate l)etioles the )rotru(ling Distrito Fe(Setal, Fal((')n, 1,ta, Miran(0a, Monagaks, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Su(re, Ta(hila, 'lruji- an(l thickene(l staminate poltion of the sl)a(lix, an(l llo, Yarae uy, %ulia), eksl)e( ially in the Cordillera de bit arpellate ovaries. 1a CoKsta, to (,uyana and Suriname (Boggen et al., A e ultivate(l e ollectioll from Gl enada (Croat 1992), Frell( h (uiana, eakstern Brazil (Amal)a, 77298) ha(l sap that was; c elely-s( ente(l, not at all Amazonaks, (Joials, Maranhao, Para, RondoniaS Sao smelling of oxalic aci(l, tyl)ical of so rnany DiefWen- Paulo), and west to the lowlands of Colombia (Meta, b(lchi(l species. Croat 78X2S, frorll Venezuela, also Vaupes, Vie hada), eastern Ecuador (lfapo), and Bo- has a sweet- rather than a foul-se ented sap. livia (Pando, Santa Cruz). Engler (1915) placed Dieffenbachi(l lanciJolia DiefWenlv(lchifl seguine flowers and develops ma- Linden & Andre into synonymy with D. picta, I)ut ture fruit to some extent all year-round, but with the former is a distinct species from Antioquia Demore flowering occurring in the late dry season and partment, Colombia. Also excluded are combinathroughout the early part of the dry season between tions of the name, DieJfienbachia picta Schott forma March and September. lancifolia (Linden & Andre) Engl. and D. picta The species is characterized by having petioles Schott subvar. Iancifzolia (Lind. & Andre) Engl. that are shorter than the blade and sharply sulcate Also erroneously placed in synonymy with D. on the free portion, with the sheath margins acute picta was Dieffenbachia nieleagris Linden & Rodito rounded at the apex and with ovate-lanceolate gas and the combination subvariety nieleagris Engl. blades. The best character for separation of the spe- That species is from Ecuador (see illustration 159 cies, however, is the unusual inflorescence with in Ill. Hort.) and looks like it might be synonymous large, bicarpellate ovaries and a spathe that is with D. spruceana Schott. somewhat spread backward while the staminate Dieffenbachia shuttleworthiana Engl. was synportion of the spadix protrudes prominently forward onymized with D. picta but should be excluded and persists after the spathe has closed. along with the following combinations: D. picta for- The species was long considered to be a common ma schuttleworthiana (Regel) Engl. and D. shuttlespecies in Central America but that material proved worthiana Hort. Bull. This Colombian species is to be mostly D. oerstedii, and in some cases, D. not closely related to D. seguine. 749
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690 Missouri Botanical Garden
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