Archaeoseismology and Palaeoseismology in the Alpine ... - Tierra

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1 st INQUA‐IGCP‐567 International Workshop on Earthquake Archaeology and Palaeoseismology GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF THE DESTRUCTION AND ABANDONMENT OF A FORTIFIED VILLAGE IN ASTURIAS IN THE 2 ND CENTURY AD: CHAO SAMARTÍN (GRANDAS DE SALIME, ASTURIAS, SPAIN) 160 A. Villa Valdés (1) (1) Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo del Principado de Asturias. C/ Eduardo Herrera “Herrerita”, s.n. 33006‐Oviedo. SPAIN. angel.villavaldes@asturias.org Abstract: Chao Samartín’s origin as a human settlement goes back to the Bronze Age and was definitively abandoned at the end of the 2nd century A.D. In the proposed communication we will present the arguments of geological, orographical and archaeological kind which allow us to consider, for the first time in the geographical and cultural area of the peninsular northwestern proto‐history, a disaster of seismic origin as the reason for the destruction and later abandonment of a human settlement. It is, at the same time, the most ancient evidence in this region of a seismic activity which has been reactivated in the last decades. Key words: Hillfort, Iron Age, Roman settlement, Earthquake. INTRODUCTION The ruins of Chao Samartín are located in Castro (Fig.1 and 2), a village about 6 km from Grandas de Salime, capital of the council (Prov. of Asturias, Spain). Fig. 1: Chao Samartin location Chao Samartín’s origin as a human settlement goes back to the Bronze Age when, around 800 BC., a first fortified village of ritual character was established on its top plain and then destroyed in the middle of the 7th century BC. Fig. 2: Chao Samartín, an aerial view During the Iron Age the defences, as a consequence of successive destructions, were renewed several times in order to give protection to a village in which, from the 6th century B.C. on, the most characteristic features of the hillfort habitat are present: ditches, module walls, huts of simple ground plan for domestic use or of bigger size for community services. In Roman times (1st to 2nd century AD) it gets the status of administrative centre, probably the capital of the civitas Ocela. A luxurious domus is built and used as a residence for local aristocratic groups. At the end of the 2nd century A.D. it is definitively abandoned. AN EARTHQUAKE REASON FOR THE LATER ABANDONMENT OF SETTLEMENT? The context which characterizes this episode becomes particularly significant because of the generalized collapse of the buildings and the abundance of goods trapped under the debris (Fig.3). An exceptional richness in a cultural atmosphere – late Iron Age and early Romanization – in which household goods are scarce and not very diverse. Fig. 3: Wall collapsed on the square
The stratigraphic sequence (Fig. 4) formed against the indigenous walls reveals that the same massive collapse took place on several occasions during the centuries previous to the Roman conquest which Augustus completed in 19 BC. Its effects can also be traced in the wide range of fossilized mural pathologies on the walls which set up the net of indigenous constructions in the settlement during the Iron Age (Fig. 5). Fig. 4: Sucesive massive collapse of indigenous walls 1 st INQUA‐IGCP‐567 International Workshop on Earthquake Archaeology and Palaeoseismology 161 The site lies on an area of well‐known seismic activity as consequence of the reverse fault located at a depth of 15 km in the area delimited by the towns of Triacastela, Becerreá and Sarria, in the province of Lugo. Fig. 5: The last roman wall is fall down on the ditch In the proposed communication we will present the arguments of geological, orographical and archaeological kind which allow us to consider, for the first time in the geographical and cultural area of the peninsular northwestern proto‐history, a disaster of seismic origin as the reason for the destruction and later abandonment of a human settlement. It is, at the same time, the most ancient evidence in this region of a seismic activity which has been reactivated in the last decades. References Fröhlig, T., Jacobelli, L. (1995). Archäologie und Seimologie. Coloquium Boscoreale, 1993. München (Germany). Marichal, R. (1999). Archéosismicité & vulnérabilité du bâti ancien. Actes des IV e Rencontres du Groupe APS, Perpignan (France). Villa Valdés, A. (2005). El castro de Chao Samartín. Guía para su interpretación y visita. Oviedo (España). Villa Valdés, A. (2009). Museo castro de Chao Samartín. Catálogo. Oviedo (España).
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Abstracts Volume Archaeoseismology
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Edita e imprime: Sección de Public
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1 st INQUA‐IGCP‐567 Internation
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the importance of performing absolu
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indicative of strike‐slip faultin
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DISCUSSION Based on detailed field
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Table 1: Source parameters used in
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elations. However, the attenuation
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mostly concentrated on the DST in I
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continuous support. N. Shalev, G. G
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The tumulus initial morphology show
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our understanding and prediction of
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spans, with a threefold increase fr
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Nevertheless the lack of research,
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earthquake. In uncertain cases, as
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The site reconnaissance successfull
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Table 1: Surface faulting extent re
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The graben has a markedly asymmetri
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are a valuable addition to the rout
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to 400 m) the calculated values for
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RISK ANALYSIS The created hazard ma
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290 m water depth the basin accumul
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CONCLUSIONS From the palaeostress a
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Fig. 2: Geological map of the study
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however, the massive 1995 earthquak
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mapped on the slopes above Qiryat
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interpreted as either an expression
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The Shepran Cave is located on the
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properties. The mean value of speci
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excavated a deep trench, thus provi
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Fig. 8: Seismic ground shaking may
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elevant qualitative criteria are po
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CONCLUDING REMARKS The exposed exam
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produced by significantly different
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It is possible that a portion of th
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In addition, the Database of histor
Page 111 and 112: were published by IGME (1983) and E
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Page 115 and 116: The city collapsed and it was aband
Page 119 and 120: Fig. 4: Slipped lintel in a window
Page 121 and 122: to overcome shear resistance and in
Page 123 and 124: Newmark, N.M. (1965). Effects of ea
Page 125 and 126: associated with various tsunamis (<
Page 129 and 130: this method, the magnitude of the e
Page 133 and 134: etween pieces. Fragments have not f
Page 137 and 138: on the exact date of the earthquake
Page 139 and 140: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ZONE COLOGNE Aft
Page 143 and 144: affecting the Alcázar was about 50
Page 147 and 148: archaeoseismology could instead bec
Page 149 and 150: In the area later occupied by Vilni
Page 155 and 156: Fig. 2: Assemblage of landforms ass
Page 157 and 158: Fig. 8: Data and regression for mag
Page 159 and 160: Fig. 3: Relationships among magnitu
Page 161: CONCLUSIONS 1. Spatial distribution
Page 165 and 166: especially in the zones of hanging
Page 169 and 170: interpretations are based on relati
Page 173 and 174: Fig. 5: Gray‐scale value laser im
Page 177 and 178: (~40 cm), F‐ rotated building str
Page 179 and 180: Index 1 st INQUA‐IGCP‐567 Inter
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Archaeoseismology and Palaeoseismology in the Alpine ... - Tierra

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