Archaeoseismology and Palaeoseismology in the Alpine ... - Tierra

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1 st INQUA‐IGCP‐567 International Workshop on Earthquake Archaeology and Palaeoseismology A RARE CASE OF PRESERVED EARTHQUAKE RUPTURES IN AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE: MIKRI DOXIPARA – ZONI, NE GREECE A. Chatzipetros (1) and S. Pavlides (1) (1) Department of Geology, Aristotle University, 54124, Thessaloniki, GREECE. ac@auth.gr Abstract: This abstract describes the results of an archaeoseismological / palaeoseismological research at the site of Mikri Doxipara – Zoni (NE Greece). Faulted layers, surface ruptures, displaced structures, fissures etc. indicate that this site has undergone severe deformation during at least two large, ground rupturing earthquakes. Radiocarbon dating and detailed log analysis suggest that these two earthquakes probably happened in 1752 (Edirne earthquake) and after 960 ± 50 BC. Both earthquakes produced vertical displacement in the order of 0.9‐1 m, therefore their magnitude is estimated at ca. 6.5. This site is unique in the sense that faulting is directly correlated to archaeological deformation. Key words: archaeoseismology, palaeoseismology, surface ruptures, Greece INTRODUCTION – SETTING Mikri Doxipara – Zoni excavation site (MDZ) is a Roman burial site located in the low seismicity Evros region (NW Greece), very close to the Greek‐Bulgarian‐Turkish borders (Fig. 1). Fig. 1: Location map of Mikri Doxipara – Zoni site in NE Greece. It is in close proximity to the well known Roman cities of Hadrianoupolis, Plotinopolis and Trajanoupolis. The MDZ site is located on a vantage elevated point, as it is built on a hill overlooking the Vardas river valley. The site was also near the commercial roads linking Hadrianoupolis, Plotinopolis and Hadrianopolis. The area around MDZ site is modified by both the erosion of Ardas river system in the closer area and Evros river in the broader, as well as by a set of normal faults ranging in strike from WNW‐ESE to WSW‐ENE (Fig. 2). This fault system has caused the Neogene sediments (locally consisted of marl and fine to medium grained sand) to form a set of hills roughly oriented E‐W, smoothed out due to erosion. Relief is not strikingly modified by faults, therefore they would normally considered to be inactive or of low activity (Pavlides et al., 2006a and b, 2007). 20 Fig. 2: Landsat image showing the main fault systems that modify the area around Mikri Doxipara – Zoni site. DISCUSSION The site consists of a tumulus in which four members of a rich family have been cremated and buried in the beginning of 2 nd century AD. The tumulus is very close to the road connecting Hadrianopolis (Edirne) and Philippoupolis (Plovdid). Four excavation pits since 2002, revealed the cremated remains of three males and one female, along with numerous offerings to accompany them into the afterlife (Whitley, 2002‐2003). Fig. 3: Initial topography of the tumulus before the excavation. It is evident that the tumulus is deformed in an E‐W direction (photo courtesy: D. Triantafyllos).
The tumulus initial morphology showed signs of grave robbing, as well as of irregular topographical anomalies aligned in an E‐W direction. Photographs of the tumulus before the excavation site, as well as large scale topographic maps of the site prepared by the Archaeological Survey, confirm that these small depressions are indeed aligned in an E‐W direction (Fig. 3). Apart from the human remains and the offerings, which include horses, carriages and their equipment, two brick‐ built altars serving as platforms for offerings to the dead were found. One of them (site DOX 2‐1) has been found to be heavily deformed by a system of normal faults, which clearly affect the ground surface of 2 nd Century AD (Figs. 4 and 5). Fig. 4: One of the brick altars that has been faulted and displaced This system is comprised by several roughly E‐W trending normal faults, which form a fairly large depression at the altar site. The maximum observable throw of the main S‐ dipping surface is 1.9 m, but taking into account the secondary features and the total displacement of the N‐ 1 st INQUA‐IGCP‐567 International Workshop on Earthquake Archaeology and Palaeoseismology 21 dipping antithetic faults, the total net displacement is estimated at ca. 0.9 m. This displacement, which is attributed to an earthquake post‐dating the date of altar, is well visible in site DOX 2‐2 (Fig. 6). The fault system affects the Neogene substratum (marls and fine‐grained sands) as well as the artificial deposits that formed the tumulus. Fig. 5: The actual cracks that were preserved due to the artificial cover of the tumulus These deposits were removed during the archaeological excavation; hence no direct association to the faulting is possible at this stage. Secondary faulting and jointing, also affecting the Roman ground surface, has been detected in several other sites in various parts of the excavation. Fig. 6: Log of DOX 2‐2 trench, where the maximum net displacement of 90 cm is observed. The fault zone has a width of ca. 2 m and it is attributed to a large, ground rupturing earthquake that postdates 2 nd Century AD.
Page 1: Abstracts Volume Archaeoseismology
Page 4 and 5: Edita e imprime: Sección de Public
Page 7 and 8: 1 st INQUA‐IGCP‐567 Internation
Page 9 and 10: the importance of performing absolu
Page 11 and 12: indicative of strike‐slip faultin
Page 13 and 14: DISCUSSION Based on detailed field
Page 15 and 16: Table 1: Source parameters used in
Page 17 and 18: elations. However, the attenuation
Page 19 and 20: mostly concentrated on the DST in I
Page 21: continuous support. N. Shalev, G. G
Page 27 and 28: our understanding and prediction of
Page 29 and 30: spans, with a threefold increase fr
Page 31 and 32: Nevertheless the lack of research,
Page 33 and 34: earthquake. In uncertain cases, as
Page 35 and 36: The site reconnaissance successfull
Page 43 and 44: Table 1: Surface faulting extent re
Page 47 and 48: The graben has a markedly asymmetri
Page 53 and 54: are a valuable addition to the rout
Page 55 and 56: to 400 m) the calculated values for
Page 57 and 58: RISK ANALYSIS The created hazard ma
Page 59 and 60: 290 m water depth the basin accumul
Page 61 and 62: CONCLUSIONS From the palaeostress a
Page 63 and 64: Fig. 2: Geological map of the study
Page 71 and 72: however, the massive 1995 earthquak
Page 73 and 74:
mapped on the slopes above Qiryat
Page 75 and 76:
1 st INQUA‐IGCP‐567 Internation
Page 77 and 78:
interpreted as either an expression
Page 79 and 80:
The Shepran Cave is located on the
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
properties. The mean value of speci
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
excavated a deep trench, thus provi
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Fig. 8: Seismic ground shaking may
Page 101 and 102:
elevant qualitative criteria are po
Page 103 and 104:
CONCLUDING REMARKS The exposed exam
Page 105 and 106:
produced by significantly different
Page 107 and 108:
It is possible that a portion of th
Page 109 and 110:
In addition, the Database of histor
Page 111 and 112:
were published by IGME (1983) and E
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
The city collapsed and it was aband
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Fig. 4: Slipped lintel in a window
Page 121 and 122:
to overcome shear resistance and in
Page 123 and 124:
Newmark, N.M. (1965). Effects of ea
Page 125 and 126:
associated with various tsunamis (<
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
this method, the magnitude of the e
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
etween pieces. Fragments have not f
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
on the exact date of the earthquake
Page 139 and 140:
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ZONE COLOGNE Aft
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
affecting the Alcázar was about 50
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
archaeoseismology could instead bec
Page 149 and 150:
In the area later occupied by Vilni
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Fig. 2: Assemblage of landforms ass
Page 157 and 158:
Fig. 8: Data and regression for mag
Page 159 and 160:
Fig. 3: Relationships among magnitu
Page 161 and 162:
CONCLUSIONS 1. Spatial distribution
Page 163 and 164:
The stratigraphic sequence (Fig. 4)
Page 165 and 166:
especially in the zones of hanging
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
interpretations are based on relati
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Fig. 5: Gray‐scale value laser im
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
(~40 cm), F‐ rotated building str
Page 179 and 180:
Index 1 st INQUA‐IGCP‐567 Inter
Page 181:
show all

Archaeoseismology and Palaeoseismology in the Alpine ... - Tierra

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?