Governing property, making the modern state - PSI424

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Bibliography Archival sources Turkey Prime Ministry Archives (Başbakanlık Arşivi) Mesail-i Mühimme (BOA.MSM) 36, 45, 58, 78 Nizamat Defterleri (BOA.Nizamat) Kamil Kepeci Defterleri 6554, Mayıs 1265/1849 Vilayet Gelen-Giden Kayıt Defterleri (BOA.BEO) volumes 342, 347, 349, 350 Şura-yı Devlet (BOA.ŞD) 2272/32, 70; 2273/38; 2277/21; 2884/31 Dahiliye-Sicill-i Nüfus, Tahrirat (BOA. DH.SN.THR) 1805 15\56, 2114 18\51, 3050 27\98 Sadâret-Mektûbî, Umum Vilâyât (BOA. A.MKT.UM) 382\12 Jordan Department of Lands and Surveys ‘Ajlun tapu collection (DLS.AT): Defter-i Esas-ı Yoklama series (DLS. AT.Yoklama) Defter-i Esas-ı Daimi (DLS.AT.Daimi) Defter-i Zabt series (DLS.AT.Zabt) Daftar Dabt (DLS.AT.Dabt) Daftar al-Ruhunat wa-’l-faragh al-wafa’i ‘Ajlun tapu instructions, in collection marked Arazi Kanunnamesiyle talimat ve tarifname ‘al-qadima’ (DLS. AT.Talimat) Cadastral records (DLS.CR) ‘Ajlun Court Records ‘Ajlun shar‘i court records on microfilm in Jordan University Library (ACR.SC) ‘Ajlun marriage registers (ACR.SC.MR) transcribed on to cards in the Yarmouk University Research Centre ‘Ajlun civil court records in Irbid court (ACR.CC) 289 ‘Ajlun Civil Registry Recopied runs of the 1910 nüfus records (ANR) ‘Ajlun Tax Records ‘Ajlun tax records, photocopied compilation by Ayman al-Sharayda in Yarmouk University Library, Daftar mufassal dara’ib nawahi jabal ‘Ajlun (1996) (DMD) United Kingdom Public Record Office PRO.FO.78/2622, 2985, 3130 Manuscript sources The following abbreviations are used throughout: SK for Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, İstanbul; ZAL for Zahiriya Collection, Asad Library, Damascus; and BL.OR for Oriental Manuscripts, British Library, London. Anonymous, Three fetwas, SK Reşid Efendi 1036/4, fols 36a–41b. Anonymous, Kanunname dated to the era of Ahmet III, SK Esat Efendi 852, fols 54b–87a. Anonymous, Kanunname dated to the era of Ahmet III, Esat Efendi 587 fols 76a–96b. Anonymous, Ahkam al-aradi al-amiriya wa-aradi al-waqf [wa-]’l-timar, in Majmu‘a fi ’l-fatawi, ZAL.6023, fols 44–53. [Undated but between judgments dated 1216AH/1801 and 1849.] al-‘Arabi, ‘Ali, al-shahir bi-ibn Hilal al-Kabir, Risala fi ’l-hisba: risala fi ahkam al-hisba wa-qawanin al-ahwal al-shakhsiya wa-ghairi-ha fi ’l-daula al-‘uthmaniya, ZAL.7761. [Manuscript dated circa 982/1574–75, translated on
Bibliography the order of Emir Ibrahim ibn Manhal al-Yusufi.] Abdürrahim Efendi, Menteşizade, Fetava, BL.OR.12463. Badruh Efendi, Pir Muhammad Dede Mustafa Habib al-ma‘ruf bi-, Ahkam al-siyasa, wa tusamma al-siyasa wa-’lahkam, ZAL 7147 fols 5–17. [The date of death of Dede Efendi is given as 13 Safar 1082/21 July 1671 in the manuscript, although the Zahiriya catalogue gives d. 1146/1733–34. According to Heyd: Studies, pp. 198–204, the date of death is 973 or 975AH, between 1565 and 1568. Another version of the manuscript is Mustafazade Efendi, Muhammad, al-Siyasa al-shar‘iya min al-ahkam al-fiqhiyya, ZAL.13815, fols 157a–170.] al-Faradi, Yasin ibn Mustafa al-Biqa‘i, Kitab Nusrat al-mutagharribin ‘an alawtan ‘an al-zuluma wa-ahl al-‘udwan, ZAL.6879, fols 1–56a. al-Farazi, Taj al-Din ibn al-Diya’, Kitab fi ard al-Sham wa-’l-kalam ‘alay-ha, ZAL.9080, fols 126–30. al-Ha’ik, Isma‘il ibn ‘Ali, Bab mashadd al-maska min fatawi al-shaykh Isma‘il al-Ha’ik rahima-hu ’llah, ZAL.5677, fols 9a–10b. Hallaq, Wa’il, ‘A prelude to Ottoman reform: Ibn ‘Abidin on custom and legal change’, paper given to the Workshop on ‘New Approaches to the Study of Ottoman and Arab Societies (18th to mid-20th Centuries)’, Bosphorus University, Istanbul, 27–30 May 1999, vol. 2, pp. 17–26. al-Hamzawi al-Husaini, Mahmud ibn Nasib, al-Ikhbar ‘an haqq al-qarar in al-Majmu‘ min al-rasa’il, ZAL.100, fols 47a–50a. al-Husaini, Ahmad ‘Arif Hikmat, Introduction in Arabic and text of Ahkam-ı Meriye, in Majmu‘a fi ’l-fatawi, ZAL.6023, fols 53b–171. al-Husni [or al-Hisni] al-Husaini, Taqi ’l-Din Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Mu’min, Kitab Qam‘ al-nufus 290 wa-ruqyat al-manus, SK Bagdatlı Vehbi Efendi 649. — Sharh al-Tanbih, SK Ayasofya 1213, 5 volumes. Ibn Nujaim, Risalat al-iqta‘at, SK Izmir 811/9. Ibn Qutlubugha, Zain al-Din Qasim, Mas’alat ijarat al-iqta‘, SK Laleli 951/4, fols 176–89. — Jawab fi ijarat al-iqta‘, SK Laleli 951, fols 169–75 and ZAL.7470, fols 1–17 [ZAL.7470 in hand of Muhammad ‘Abdullah b. Ahmad b. Ibrahim al-Khatib al-Timurtashi and dated 981AH/1573–74]. al-‘Imadi, ‘Abd al-Rahman et al., al-Nur al-mubin fi fatawi al-‘Imadiyin, fetwas of ‘Abd al-Rahman Muhammad, ‘Ali Ibrahim ‘Abd al-Rahman, and Muhammad Ibrahim ‘Abd al-Rahman, ZAL.7508. al-‘Imadi, Hamid ‘Ali Ibrahim ‘Abd al-Rahim ‘Imad al-Din, Mughni almustafti ‘an su’al al-mufti (al-Fatawa al-hamidiya), ZAL.5655 and 5656. al-‘Imadi, Muhibb al-Din et al., Fatawa bani ’l-‘Imadi wa-ghairi-him, ZAL.5864 [Manuscript dated 1020AH/1611]. al-Muradi, ‘Abd al-Rahman Efendi, Fatawa al-‘alim al-‘allama maula-na al-marhum ‘Abd al-Rahman Efendi al-‘Imadi, ZAL.5377 [Manuscript dated 1150AH/1737]. al-Muradi, ‘Ali ibn Muhammad et al., Majmu‘ Fatawi al-Muradiya, ZAL.2639, 2640, 2641, 2642. al-Muradi, Husain ibn Muhammad, Fatawa Husain al-Muradi, ZAL.5671. Al-Nabulusi, ‘Abd al-Ghani, Majmu‘ mushtamil ‘ala 41 risala, SK Çelebi Abdullah Efendi 385. — Risalat takhyir al-‘ibad fi sukna albilad, ZAL.4008, fols 42–4. — Fatawa al-Nabulusi, ZAL.2684. al-Saqizi, Muhammad Sadiq, Surrat alfatawi, ZAL.6143. al-Tall, Salih Mustafa, Mudhakkirat, copies held by Tariq Tell and Eugene Rogan, University of Oxford.
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Governing property, making the mode
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Published in 2007 by I.B.Tauris & C
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6 The introduction of bureaucratic
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Maps, figures and tables Maps 5.1 T
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Note on transliteration, datation a
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Acknowledgements We have accumulate
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1 | Introduction Two documents On 1
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Legal doctrine here frames property
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The case occurred some five years a
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of first instance. 25 Only a few ye
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PART ONE | Ottoman jurisprudence co
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Part one | 2 remained fixed regardl
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Part one | 2 mülk land. The Ottoma
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Part one | 2 tax revenue the timari
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Part one | 2 only out of the necess
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Part one | 2 devolution of offices,
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Part one | 3 enjoy greater politica
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Part one | 3 equivalent of a grant
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Part one | 3 fetwa concerning a cul
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Part one | 3 Muhammad al-‘Imadi (
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Part one | 3 character of the culti
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Part one | 3 the provisions of the
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Part one | 3 others died creating a
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Part one | 3 is commended, forcible
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Part one | 3 criterion by which to
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4 | Legal reform from the 1830s to
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Part one | 4 administration require
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Part one | 4 prosecution of corrupt
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Part one | 4 together with the land
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Part one | 4 holders of miri land t
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Part one | 4 the Meclis-i Vala, con
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Part one | 4 were issued that marke
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Introduction The last chapter descr
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5 | Production and settlement in th
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Jordan River Lake Tiberias Kufrinja
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Jordan River Lake Tiberias Yarmuk R
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Jordan River Lake Tiberias Khirbat
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nahiye lie three further foothill v
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to the three districts of ‘Ajlun,
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Jordan River Lake Tiberias Yarmuk R
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in the second from 22 to 24; in the
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The complaint to Istanbul by the vi
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souls [i.e. those listed above], we
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estricted to plough agriculture of
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these villages to register land. Al
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eturned to Irbid they would be repa
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al-Fattah Efendi had come to the di
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After the series of sessions come i
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unacceptable acts: pretending to de
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Da’ud ‘Abbada and Jurji Qabawat
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which later was to be subdivided in
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in descending rank order by size in
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acking as tax collectors. Ibrahim E
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ecame standardized across large are
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villages to the large area of exten
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title document or, if it had been l
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Local political leaders came gradua
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Introduction Part three considers t
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shares in plough land in 1895 was a
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question of ‘Ajaj Bey, the govern
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1895 1921 1910 Holding House House
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1895 1921 1910 Holding House House
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marriage links by the mid-1890s wit
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holdings numbered 33 to 57) were no
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Figure 9.2 Bait Ra’s, households
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But it makes clear that the fight w
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in 1880, 1895 and 1921. The table
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Nineteenth-century Ottoman land ref
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Unsettledness: initial registration
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11 2 [Kirsanna] ‘Awwad ‘Abdul-R
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Figure 9.3 Hawwara, genealogy of th
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ecorded in the 1895 tax register. C
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which in 1895 had been held by Sali
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adjusted to entries in the tapu reg
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By 1895 the village had expanded in
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There was ambiguity in the nature o
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the three blocks of land seem to ha
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instance, one sub-group of eight sh
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ut would appear to have come togeth
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composed of the Haddad, Da’ud,
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with the formal division into secti
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affinal links. In a close-knit comm
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TABLE 10.1 Kufr ‘Awan, properties
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19c Hasan Sulaiman Fallah 678a 1/4
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householder or the holder of an oli
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egistration ‘Abdullah had no chil
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crop rotation and reallotment of ho
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payment. His case too is discussed
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Figure 10.3 Kufr Àwan, households
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Figure 10.5 Kufr Àwan, households
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on the other hand, there is an inhe
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1940). The other ¾q of Zarifa’s
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most valuable asset of villagers, l
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TABLE 10.2 Khanzira, share per pers
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olive trees; 215 plots were registe
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on another family’s land; and ano
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to 31, and in 14 of the mutations t
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plough animals and male labour. Cro
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Figure 11.1 Tannash family holdings
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nu‘mana as fodder. As a summer cr
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It appears that at the time land wa
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Figure 11.3 Marriage relations of t
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substantial say in the control of l
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atls of lentils, one-half ratl of s
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had often moved once or twice comin
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Figure 11.5 Gharaiba intermarriages
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Figure 11.6 Ahmad Àbid-Rabbuh’s
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Figure 11.7 Holdings of Àbdul-Ghan
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exercised over crop rotation or the
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Figure 12.1 Family links of Husna S
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did he plough. This statement appea
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Figure 12.2 Marriage links of Ahmad
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each being registered as owning 1½
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(‘urja) at her wedding. Her husba
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Figure 12.4 The marriages of Ibrahi
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notables (wujuh) Hasan al-Salim, Ib
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Figure 12.5 The children of Sheikh
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weeks under the tree, and eventuall
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Figure 12.6 Family links of Yumna M
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with almond-shaped openings, built
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Epilogue eighteenth centuries the c
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Epilogue bedouin groups. Thus, in t
Page 253 and 254: Notes to chapter 1 landholdings in
Page 255 and 256: Notes to chapters 1 and 2 wa-jiwaru
Page 257 and 258: Notes to chapter 2 nakl olunmaz; ta
Page 259 and 260: Notes to chapters 2 and 3 question;
Page 261 and 262: Notes to chapter 3 the muftis). The
Page 263 and 264: Notes to chapter 3 cites Masters, T
Page 265 and 266: Notes to chapter 3 Yahya Efendi - p
Page 267 and 268: Notes to chapters 3 and 4 taxes imp
Page 269 and 270: Notes to chapter 4 19 There is a di
Page 271 and 272: Notes to chapter 4 enough to shelte
Page 273 and 274: Notes to chapters 5 and 6 6 On the
Page 275 and 276: Notes to chapter 6 the debt; the vi
Page 277 and 278: Notes to chapters 6 and 7 to the pr
Page 279 and 280: Notes to chapter 7 10 Later in the
Page 281 and 282: Notes to chapter 7 36 BOA.ŞD.2273/
Page 283 and 284: Notes to chapter 8 ent administrati
Page 285 and 286: Notes to chapter 9 ing at that time
Page 287 and 288: Notes to chapter 9 Hamid, Hamuda an
Page 289 and 290: Notes to chapters 9 and 10 leaving
Page 291 and 292: Notes to chapter 10 AT.Yoklama, Ağ
Page 293 and 294: Notes to chapter 10 trees on villag
Page 295 and 296: Notes to chapter 11 April 1927, con
Page 297 and 298: Notes to chapter 11 and Mustafa al-
Page 299 and 300: Notes to chapter 12 6 DLS.AT.Yoklam
Page 301 and 302: Notes to chapter 12 on 29 June and
Page 303: Notes to chapter 12 and Epilogue 61
Page 307 and 308: Bibliography The Economic History o
Page 309 and 310: Bibliography Empire: Agrarian power
Page 311 and 312: Bibliography Peake, Frederik, Ta’
Page 313 and 314: Bibliography Near Eastern Studies,
Page 315 and 316: Index Bani Hasan, 57, 58, 65, 68, 8
Page 317 and 318: Index al-‘Imadi, Hamid ibn Àli,
Page 319 and 320: Index orchards, as objects of regis
Page 321: Index temettuat, 42, 66 threshing,
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