Foucault, Michel, 4, 102 Fraihat, Hasan Barakat, 67, 68 Fraihat, Husain Barakat, 86, 97 fruit trees, as objects of registration, 117, 154, 156, 180 gardens: as objects of registration, 108, 117, 118, 122, 131, 154, 156, 168, 177, 182, 185; partnerships in, in Khanzira, 180–2 gedik, 32 Gharaiba, Na’il, 1, 2, 6–7, 72, 73, 97, 127–9, 134–7, 139–141, 143, 145, 147–50, 197, 202–4, 205 Gharaiba family, 127, 134, 135–6, 137, 145, 148, 150, 155, 190, 197, 201–7 Gharaiba section, 127, 145, 150–1; allotment within, 145–7, 150–1 al-Ghaur, 64, 208, 220 Ghaur al-Arba‘in, 85, 90 al-Ghanma, Khulaif Efendi, 67, 85 Ghazlan family, 132, 134, 136, 149, 150, 190, 196 governmentality, <strong>the</strong>ories of, 4, 102 grain: falling price of, 102; grinding of, 231; storage bins for, 231; production, 57, 93, 139, 187, 208; trade, 57, 67, 73, 188, 191, 202, 205 Gülhane Rescript (Hatt-ı Hümayun), 41, 43 Gürani, Ahmed Shams al-Din, 11 Haddad family, 131, 147, 148, 151, 201, 273n48 al-Ha’ik, Isma‘il, 26, 29, 32, 38 hajj, 216; caravan supplies, 128 hajz (sequestration), 139 hakim al-‘urf, 23, 32, 37, 234 hakk-ı karar, 15, 28, 30, 38, 48, 49, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 82, 84, 93, 96, 97, 110, 111, 120, 123, 125; distinct from mashadd al-maska, 29 halit ve şerik, 1, 2, 5, 6, 127, 149, 151, 167, 188, 234; concept of, 3 Hallaq, Wa’il, 39 Hamdan family, 210–11, 274n6, 275n7 al-Hamud, Muhammad, 81, 84, 88 hamula (village section), 154, 164 Hamuri, ‘Ali Muhammad, 114, 116, 118, 124–5 Hamuri family, 108, 125, 127 Hamuri section, 108, 123, 127, 235 al-Hamzawi al-Husaini, Mahmud ibn Nasib, 48–9 Hanafi jurisprudence, 11, 17, 18–19, 34, 49, 233, 234; doctrine regarding <strong>property</strong>, 11–12 (under Mamluks, 12–13); see also ulema al-Hanuti, 49 haqq al-qarar, see hakk-ı karar haqq mujarrad, 31 haqq tapu, 48 haraç, see kharaj haraciye land, 50 301 harç-ı mutat (Arabic kharj al-mu‘tad), 71 haris (village guard), 187, 209 harp vergisi (war tax), 138 harrath, 122, 190, 212 Harta village, 64, 94, 95, 98 harvest, 187–8, 208, 209, 211, 215, 217 al-Haskafi, ‘Ala’ al-Din, 28, 37 Haufa al-Mazar mezraa, 79 Hauran, 8, 57, 67, 68, 80, 82, 83, 90, 96–99; exports of grain from, 139 Hawwara village, 64, 77, 79, 96, 107, 119, 126, 152, 153, 154, 155, 167, 181, 184, 186–207, 208, 233, 235; agriculture of, 5, 186–8; complaint submitted by, 72–3; land allotment in, 143–7, 150–1; landless population in, 140–1; tapu registration of, 3–5, 71–3, 127, 129–135; tax registration of, 138–41 headman, 70, 82, 97, 98, 101, 103, 109, 111, 123, 187, 209, 222, 234; allowance to, 111, 116 herding, 187, 190, 208–9, 214–17, 217–19; importance of, 177; of goats, 223–7 herds, taxation of, 227 al-Hijazi, Qasim, 87, 98 hijra (migration), 35–6 horses, breeding of, 219–23 household: composition of, 109, 121, 122, 152, 171, 173, 192, 208; development of, 121, 154, 161, 163, 167, 176, 190, 191, 210, 214, 220, 230 household census, see civil register (nüfus) houses: as objects of registration, 58, 91, 108, 111, 115, 129, 135, 139, 156, 167, 177, 178; as objects of taxation, 117, 138, 141, 185; valuation of, 64, 114, 115, 129, 134, 138, 154 Hubras village, 79, 94, 95; registration of, 93 el-Hüseyni, Ahmed Arif Hikmet, 45 al-Husn village, 6, 64, 67, 77, 79, 100, 180; registration of, 83 al-Husni, Taqi ’l-Din, 36 Ibn ‘Abidin, Muhammad Amin, 22, 23, 27, 34, 39, 40, 41 Ibn Humam, Kamal al-Din Muhammad, 12 Ibn Nujaim, Zain al-Din 13, 23, 34, 35, 36, 37 Ibn Qutlubugha, Qasim, 12–13, 19, 23 icare, see ijara icare-i faside (defective rental), 16 icaretein vakıf, 38, 51 ‘Ifnan family, 194, 197; see also Abu Tair ihtiyar heyeti, 82; see also village council ijara (lease, rent), 12, 13, 16, 28, 36 ikta, see iqta‘ iltizam, 28 al-‘Imadi, ‘Abd al-Rahman, 23, 26, 27, 28, 32, 34, 36 al-‘Imadi, ‘Ali, 23–4, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32 al-‘Imadi, ‘Imad al-Din, 28 Index
Index al-‘Imadi, Hamid ibn `Ali, 27, 30–1, 33, 34, 39 al-‘Imadi, Muhammad, 25, 28, 33 imam, 12, 14, 15, 17, 70, 166, 168, 173, 177, 209, 214, 221, 222, 223, 230 ‘Inba village, 64, 91 India, land registration in, 116 individualization of land rights, 127, 234 individuation of holdings, 117, 127, 143, 163, 176, 180, 181, 234; extended to women, 163 inheritance, 15, 16, 17, 18, 25, 29, 31, 44, 45, 92, 107, 116, 123, 138, 154, 155, 161, 168, 170, 174, 176, 178, 181, 183, 185, 194, 199, 208, 213, 223, 235; registration of, 101; see also daughters, inheritance by iqta‘ (administrative grant), 12, 13, 15, 23 Irbid, 1, 64, 65, 67, 68, 79, 81, 85–6, 87, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 109, 128, 152, 201, 206; land record office, 233 Islamic jurisprudence, 11, 13, 15, 18, 19; see also Hanafi jurisprudence, fiqh, fetwas Istanbul, relations with, see Porte and şikayet Jabal ‘Ajlun, 65, 67, 68, 85, 86, 95, 103, 191 al-Jabr, Muflih, 90, 93–5 al-Jabr, Muhammad Muflih, 88 Jammal family, 130, 132, 191–4, 197, 206 Jarash, 67, 99 Jewish population, 33, 36, 89 Jinin al-Safa’ village, 68 Johansen, Baber, 27, 30 joint holdings, 6, 111, 126; registration of, 115–16; see also musha‘ Jordan Valley, 57, 64, 65, 67, 79, 90, 142, 214, 217, 220; see also al-Ghaur Judaita village, 67, 103, 173, 195 Judicial Council, 50, 67, 77 Juhfiya mezraa, 79 Jum‘a family, 110, 118, 125 Jumha village, 72, 129, 139, 148, 201, 202, 204 al-Kafarat, 57, 64, 67, 79, 86, 90, 93–5, 97, 202 al-Ka’id, ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, 99, 100 Ka’id, Jabr Efendi ‘Abd al-Rahman, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 88 kaimakam, 66, 67, 79, 81, 84 kanun, 11, 14, 16, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 45, 49, 234 Kanun-i Arazi, see Land Code Kanun-i Cedid (New Law), 21 kanuname, 11 kariye, see qariya kariye ahalisi, see ahl al-qariya kasr al-faddan, 14, 32, 34, 37 Kemal Paşazade, Sheikh-ul-Islam, 15–16, 19, 25, 49 khalit wa-sharik, see halit ve şerik Khanzira village, 107, 119, 153, 168, 224, 226; registration of, 152, 156, 177–85 302 kharaj tax, 11–13, 15, 17, 18, 24, 34, 35, 36, 38, 233 Khashashna, Sari al-Ahmad, 166, 177 Khashashna section, 164, 166, 175, 177, 224 Khirbat al-Wahadina village, 64, 67 Khlaif, Musa, 1, 132, 271n32; son ‘Ali, 132, 147, 148 kirdar, 28, 29, 30, 31 kontrato law, 43 Koran, 35, 36, 49 kufr, 36 Kufr ‘Awan village, 107, 119, 197, 208–31; registration of, 152, 153–77, 181 Kufr Abil village, 91, 220, 226 Kufr Jayiz village, 79, 83, 137, 148, 201, 202, 203 Kufr Saum village, 64, 88, 90, 94, 95, 98, 202, 203 Kufr Yuba, 64, 87, 88 al-Kura, 57, 64, 67, 85, 90–3, 95, 97, 103, 141, 144, 152, 177; incidents of revolt in, 103, 185 Kurd Yusuf Bey, 72 laffa (wrapped), 274n2 land: as object of <strong>property</strong>, 176–7, 235; see also ard, arazi Land Code (1858), 3, 6, 31, 41, 44, 45–8, 50, 99, 116, 234 land registration: as governmentality, 4; contestation of, 1, 5, 68, 72–3, 82, 83–4, 126; in shares, 73–9; negotiation of, 3, 80, 88, 102 landless population, 188, 201; of Bait Ra’s, 115, 122; of Hawwara, 140–1; of Kufr ‘Awan, 153; of Khanzira, 178–9 Law of Municipalities (1877), 50 lease, see ijara livestock, 57, 64, 190, 196, 202, 206, 213, 214, 230; herding of, 187; disciplining of, 227 madafa, 188, 202 mahlul land, 45, 96, 129 mahr (dower), 48, 93, 169, 174, 175, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 204, 210, 211, 212, 213–14, 216, 220, 221, 231 mahr al-mithl, 197 mahr mu’ajjal (delayed dower), 226 mahr muqaddam (prompt dower), 193, 226 maintenance (nafaqa), 197–8, 199, 221, 222–3 al-majlis al-tashri‘i (Legislative Council), 123 Makhraba village, registration of, 73–5, 77, 97 mal (object of exchange), 13; as tax 75 mal al-ghurbiya, 33 mal maksur, 34 mal wirku, 75 malikane, 21, 25 Malka village, 58, 64, 67, 201, 280n23 ma’mur al-tamlik official, 123 manfa‘a, 13 mansıp (Arabic mansab), 19
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Governing property, making the mode
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Published in 2007 by I.B.Tauris & C
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6 The introduction of bureaucratic
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Maps, figures and tables Maps 5.1 T
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Note on transliteration, datation a
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Acknowledgements We have accumulate
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1 | Introduction Two documents On 1
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Legal doctrine here frames property
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The case occurred some five years a
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of first instance. 25 Only a few ye
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PART ONE | Ottoman jurisprudence co
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Part one | 2 remained fixed regardl
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Part one | 2 mülk land. The Ottoma
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Part one | 2 tax revenue the timari
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Part one | 2 only out of the necess
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Part one | 2 devolution of offices,
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Part one | 3 enjoy greater politica
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Part one | 3 equivalent of a grant
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Part one | 3 fetwa concerning a cul
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Part one | 3 Muhammad al-‘Imadi (
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Part one | 3 character of the culti
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Part one | 3 the provisions of the
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Part one | 3 others died creating a
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Part one | 3 is commended, forcible
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Part one | 3 criterion by which to
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4 | Legal reform from the 1830s to
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Part one | 4 administration require
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Part one | 4 prosecution of corrupt
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Part one | 4 together with the land
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Part one | 4 holders of miri land t
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Part one | 4 the Meclis-i Vala, con
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Part one | 4 were issued that marke
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Introduction The last chapter descr
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5 | Production and settlement in th
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Jordan River Lake Tiberias Kufrinja
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Jordan River Lake Tiberias Yarmuk R
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Jordan River Lake Tiberias Khirbat
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nahiye lie three further foothill v
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to the three districts of ‘Ajlun,
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Jordan River Lake Tiberias Yarmuk R
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in the second from 22 to 24; in the
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The complaint to Istanbul by the vi
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souls [i.e. those listed above], we
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estricted to plough agriculture of
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these villages to register land. Al
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eturned to Irbid they would be repa
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al-Fattah Efendi had come to the di
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After the series of sessions come i
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unacceptable acts: pretending to de
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Da’ud ‘Abbada and Jurji Qabawat
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which later was to be subdivided in
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in descending rank order by size in
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acking as tax collectors. Ibrahim E
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ecame standardized across large are
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villages to the large area of exten
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title document or, if it had been l
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Local political leaders came gradua
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Introduction Part three considers t
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shares in plough land in 1895 was a
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question of ‘Ajaj Bey, the govern
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1895 1921 1910 Holding House House
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1895 1921 1910 Holding House House
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marriage links by the mid-1890s wit
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holdings numbered 33 to 57) were no
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Figure 9.2 Bait Ra’s, households
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But it makes clear that the fight w
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in 1880, 1895 and 1921. The table
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Nineteenth-century Ottoman land ref
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Unsettledness: initial registration
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11 2 [Kirsanna] ‘Awwad ‘Abdul-R
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Figure 9.3 Hawwara, genealogy of th
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ecorded in the 1895 tax register. C
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which in 1895 had been held by Sali
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adjusted to entries in the tapu reg
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By 1895 the village had expanded in
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There was ambiguity in the nature o
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the three blocks of land seem to ha
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instance, one sub-group of eight sh
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ut would appear to have come togeth
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composed of the Haddad, Da’ud,
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with the formal division into secti
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affinal links. In a close-knit comm
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TABLE 10.1 Kufr ‘Awan, properties
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19c Hasan Sulaiman Fallah 678a 1/4
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householder or the holder of an oli
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egistration ‘Abdullah had no chil
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crop rotation and reallotment of ho
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payment. His case too is discussed
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Figure 10.3 Kufr `Awan, households
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Figure 10.5 Kufr `Awan, households
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on the other hand, there is an inhe
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1940). The other ¾q of Zarifa’s
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most valuable asset of villagers, l
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TABLE 10.2 Khanzira, share per pers
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olive trees; 215 plots were registe
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on another family’s land; and ano
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to 31, and in 14 of the mutations t
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plough animals and male labour. Cro
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Figure 11.1 Tannash family holdings
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nu‘mana as fodder. As a summer cr
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It appears that at the time land wa
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Figure 11.3 Marriage relations of t
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substantial say in the control of l
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atls of lentils, one-half ratl of s
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had often moved once or twice comin
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Figure 11.5 Gharaiba intermarriages
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Figure 11.6 Ahmad `Abid-Rabbuh’s
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Figure 11.7 Holdings of `Abdul-Ghan
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exercised over crop rotation or the
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Figure 12.1 Family links of Husna S
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did he plough. This statement appea
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Figure 12.2 Marriage links of Ahmad
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each being registered as owning 1½
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(‘urja) at her wedding. Her husba
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Figure 12.4 The marriages of Ibrahi
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notables (wujuh) Hasan al-Salim, Ib
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Figure 12.5 The children of Sheikh
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weeks under the tree, and eventuall
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Figure 12.6 Family links of Yumna M
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with almond-shaped openings, built
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Epilogue eighteenth centuries the c
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Epilogue bedouin groups. Thus, in t
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Notes to chapter 1 landholdings in
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Notes to chapters 1 and 2 wa-jiwaru
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Notes to chapter 2 nakl olunmaz; ta
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Notes to chapters 2 and 3 question;
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Notes to chapter 3 the muftis). The
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Notes to chapter 3 cites Masters, T
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- Page 305 and 306: Bibliography the order of Emir Ibra
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- Page 315: Index Bani Hasan, 57, 58, 65, 68, 8
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