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94 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 44 spoken, by Indians living in the sierras about the headwaters of the Changuinaiila. If the supposition that they speak a Doraskean dialect be correct, the fact tends to confirm Pinart's suggestion that the Changuina formerly occupied the valley of the Changuinaula, the river receiving its name, as Pittier (9) also says, from the Indians. The latter author, however, asserts that it is a Mosquito name. Changuina.—All that is known in regard to the Indians speaking this dialect is that Pinart obtained his vocabulary from some three or four Changuina Indians living at Bugava on the Pacific side. Gabb (487) says it was reported to him that a part of the tribe still lived on the headwaters of the Changuinaula, but that "their very existence is known only by vague reports of their savage neighbors." It is possible that these were not Changuina but Talamanca Indians, otherwise they must be identified with the Chaliva. Chumula.—Nothing is known in regard to this dialect except that information respecting it was obtained by Pinart from Indians living at Caldera and Potrero in the interior. Dorask (proper).—The last Indian of this tribe died in 1882 (Pinart 2:2). The vocabulary given by this author was taken from a manuscript of Padre Bias Jose Franco, obtained at Gualaca in the interior. Dorask (or Doracho, as sometimes written) does not appear to be a name mentioned by the early authors; at least Bancroft, who certainly made a careful examination of their writings (be our opinion of his conclusions what it may), says (in, 794), "TheTules, Dariens, Cholos, Dorachos, Savanerics, Cunas, and Bayamos are new names not mentioned by any of the older writers." What particular section the Dorask proper originally occupied is therefore unknown. Gualaca.—Knowledge of this dialect rests on precisely the same evidence as that regarding the Dorask proper, namely, the vocabulary of Padre Bias Jose Franco as given by Pinart (2). It was obtained at the same place—Gualaca in the interior, where Sapper locates his interior group. Teluskie{?)—This is given by Brinton (3 : 175) as one of the dialects of his Changuina stock—here the Doraskean group. He gives as the locality, "near Rio Puan," a branch of Rio Tclorio. The writer has been unable to fuid the authority on which this habitat is given, though he has access to all the works to which Bancroft refers in this connection. Pinart (5:118) merely mentions the name without particulars, nor is any vocabulary available. Possibly Teluskie is only another name for Chaliva. GUAYMIE This name is here used as employed by Pinart and Adam, that is, rather as designating a group, or subfamily, including several dialects, than as the name of a language. According to Pinart (3:2) there
THOMAS] INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 95 were three principal dialects: The Move-Valiente, called also the Norteno by the Spaniards; the Murire-Bukueta, called also the Sabanero by the Spaniards; and theMuoi. Lucien Adam, however, counts six dialects, which he arranges in two groups, thus : Murire, and Sabanero; 2, Valiente, Guaymie, and Norteno. 1 , Muoi, The latter arrangement appears to be the' correct one and that which Pinart has in reality followed in his vocabularies, notwithstanding his preliminary statement. According to Pinart (3: preface), the group occupied at the time of the Conquest that part of the Panama district extending on the north from Chiriqui lagoon to Chagres river, and on the south, or Pacific side, from Chorrera to the Rio Fonseca; the Pearl and other islands of the Gulf of Panama, and Cebaco, Coiba, Jicaron, and other islands in the vicinity of Chiriqui lagoon. Peralta says in the paper heretofore quoted (p. 83) that "the Guaymies occupied the coast and the interior lands situated between the rivers Guaymi and Conception, of Veragua." According to Pinart (3:2) these dialects appear to be spoken at present only in the plains and sierras in the vicinity of the eastern end of Chiriqui lagoon, in the Valley Miranda (or Guaymie), and ''en las sierras del mineral de Veraguas." He gives, however, at the end of his part 2, a list of the names of places, rivers, etc. — Pertaining to the dialects of the Guaymie language, in the departments of Panama, Colon, Code, Veraguas, Los Santos and Chiriqui, and also in the comarcas of Balboa and Bocas-del-Toro. The above territory extends to the Chagres river. Sapper (1) very wisely has attempted to indicate on his map only the area of the Guaymie in the group sense. Even this is not marked on the present map, being included in the Doraskean area. The linguistic material collected by Pinart has enabled philologists to assign these dialects to the Chibchan family with reasonable cer- tainty. Adam is here followed in counting six dialects, and Pinart in fact gives six in his vocabularies. CUNA This language, which shows no clear affinity with any other language, in spite of certain leanings toward Chibchan, constitutes a stock in itself, to which the name Cunan is applied. Pinart was inclined to connect it with the Caribbean group, but this suggestion has not been accepted by philologists generally. The Cuna have been mentioned under various names, as ]\fandinga, Darien Indi- ans, Chucunaque, Cunacuna, Bayano, Tule, Yule, San Bias Indians, etc., and the old Spanish name Cueva also refers to them. According to Pinart (1 : preface) the boundaries of the Cunan territory at the time of the Conquest were as follows : On the west a
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF A
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CONTENTS Introduction 1 Mexico 2 Co
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CONTENTS Central America—Continue
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