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iHOMAs] INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTEAL AMEBICA 49
Marcelo Alejandre (162) says that, according to tradition, the
Huasteca coming from the north estabhshed themselves first at the
place now known as Altamira, in Tamaulipas, and afterward moved
to the left bank" of the Bar of Tampico. Sahagun (670) states that
they lived in the province of Panuco, properly called Pantlan, or
Panotlan. Pimentel (i, 5) says that at the coming of the Spaniards
the place they occupied was at the north of the kingdom of Texcoco
(Tezcuco), comprehending the north part of the state of Vera Cruz
and a small part (''fraccion") of the bordering portion of San Luis.
According to Orozco y Berra (1:206), their area extended along the
Gulf coast from Vera Cruz to San Luis Potosi, extending probably
some distance into Tamaulipas.
TOTONAC
As to their language and history, as well as to geographical posi-
tion, the Totonac are one of the most interesting tribes of Mexico.
The proper classification of their language has long been, and is still,
m doubt, so much so that it is usually given as an mdependent stock.
It was on their territory that Spanish history and Spanish rule had
their initiation in Mexico and Central America, when Cortes appeared
on the scene in 1519.
The area they occupied was in the northern portions of what are
now the states of Vera Cruz and Puebla and the eastern extremity
of Hidalgo, the Gulf coast forming the eastern boundary, and the
northern boundary following closely the twenty-first parallel of north
latitude.
According to the Arte of D. Jose Zambrano, which has been followed
by subsequent writers, the Totonac language was divided into
four idioms: Tetikilhati, spoken by the Tetikilhati in the high sierras;
Chakahuaxti, spoken by Chakahuaxti in the pueblos of Xalpan and
Pantepec; Tatimolo, spoken by the Tatimolo of the pueblo Naolingo;
and Ipapana, spoken by the Ipapana in the missions of the Augustines.
As these idioms have not been determined by subsequent
investigation, they are omitted. The present tendency of linguistic
opinion is to place the Totonac language in the Mayan family, thus
bringing it into relation with the Huasteca. The long friendly relations
between the two tribes correspond with this opinion. Orozco
y Berra (1: 214) expressed his belief in the relationship of the two
dialects.
Tepehua
The Tepehua, which has been given as distinct by Orozco y Berra,
and located on his map along the northwestern border of the
Totonac territory, is in all probability related to the latter and
should be placed in the same group. He says that, joined to the Toto-