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Untitled - Smithsonian Institution

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THOMAS] INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTKAL AMERICA 11<br />

Tibiiron, and eastward to the territory of the Opata and the Lower<br />

Phna, being bounded on the north by the territory of the Upper<br />

Pima. Hamy's map, heretofore referred to, extends the northern<br />

boundary a httle farther north than Orozco y Berra's. The evidence<br />

on which this northern boundary is based, however, is not definitely<br />

given by either of these authors. Orozco y Berra makes the brief<br />

statement (1: 354), "Los Sahneros hacia los confines de hi Pimeria<br />

alta," and states on the same page that the Sahneros speak an idiom<br />

of Seri, but adds further, that in his classification he counts but<br />

''la principal" (the Seri proper) and the two dialects, Guayma and<br />

Upanguayma, showing that he does not consider Tiburon, Tepoca,<br />

and Sahneros as varying sufficiently to be regarded as dialects.<br />

Although the Guayma idiom has usually been considered a dialect<br />

of Seri and so designated by authors, Hervas has described it as dis-<br />

tinct, and recently Pinart, from an examination made on the ground,<br />

concludes it is related to Pima. Hervas says (318) that in one of the<br />

missions of Yaqui river named Belen were Indians of three nations<br />

the Yaqui, Seri, and Guayma—which used three different languages.<br />

Jose F. Ramirez, discussing this statement, presents reasons, given<br />

in the note below, for doubting its correctness, and shows such rela-<br />

tions between the Guayma and the Lower Pima as may well explain<br />

the result obtained by Pinart,^ but at the same time distinguishes<br />

Guayma from Pima. The linguistic position of Upanguayma, which<br />

is related to the latter, is of course determined by its position. Jose<br />

Gallardo (Bancroft, iii, 704) says there is but httle difference between<br />

Seri and Upanguayma.^<br />

The Yaqui Group<br />

{Synonyms: Cahita, Cinaloa, Sinaloa)<br />

The tribes of this group (often included under the name Cahita)<br />

were located chiefly along the middle and lower portions of the<br />

valleys of the Rio Yaqui, Rio Mayo, and Rio del Fuerte, extending<br />

1 " El abate Hervas dice (tomo i, pagina 318) que 'en la mision de Belen habia tres naciones que se llama-<br />

ban Hiaqui, Seri y Guaima, que hablaban tres lenguas difercntes.' Esta ultima parte de su asercion presenta<br />

las siguientes dificultades. En el tomo xvi de los manuscritos del archivo general, hallara V. S. un<br />

papel que se intitula. 'Estado de la provincia de Sonora, eon el catalogo de sus puelilos, iglesias etc. y<br />

Breve descripcion de la Sonora Jesuitica, segim se halla por el mes de Julio de este ano de 17;.0 etc' No<br />

tengo a la vista esta Memoria, mas por mis apuntes, debe ser en la parte donde el autor describe la mision<br />

del Populo en la que dice: 'que la lengua de los Scris es la niisnia de los Guaimas.' Ademas, en un informs<br />

que poseo del ol>ispo de Sonora, dirigido a T>. Jose de Galvex en 20 de Setiembre de 1784, dice el prelado,<br />

hablando de aquella mision de Belen ' viven unidas dos naciones de indios Ptmas bajos y Guaimas: estos<br />

liltimos desampararon su pueblo por los continuos asaltos de los Seris. Los Pimas usansu propioidioma.<br />

. . . Los Guaimas usan su antiguo idioma,' etc.<br />

"Pasando ahora al examen deestas noticias, y hacifedoloenel 6rden inversodesuesposicion,tendremos<br />

como primer hecho. prolmdo con la respetable autoridad del Diocesano, laexistencia de dos lenguas diversas<br />

en la mision de Belem, lade los Guaimas y la de los Pimas hajos. Sigue en drden la del misionero jesuita<br />

que dice, eran una misma la Guaima \ la Seri. Parcce, pues, que nada puede contrastar estos testinionios<br />

directos, y que en consecuencia hay una inexactitud en la asercion del abate Hervas que hace distintas la<br />

lengua Seri y Gtiaima. Aquella se esplica muy naturalmente con solo reflexionar que el sabio flldlogo<br />

advierte, obtuvo su noticia de uno que decia hal)erla oido 4 un misionero."—i?o/. Soc. Geog. Estad. Mez.,<br />

n, 149.<br />

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