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22 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 44 early authorities, most of them in manuscript documents. Reference is made, however, to other authorities treating of the subject. Alegre, after referring to the rugged, mountainous character of the district, says (iii, 196) it joins on tlie east Nueva-Vizcaya, and on the north, west, and south Nueva-GaUcia, extending from 22° to 23° N. lat. Pimentel simply says the people lived in the Sierra de Nayarit but is more specific in relation to the subdivisions of the tribe mentioned below. Orozco y Berra (1:279) says that, according to Mota Padilla (510), the area was included between 21° and 23° N. lat. and 261° and 265° longitude; and according to Revillagigedo, between 21° and 24° N. lat. and 266° and 269° "de long, del meridiano de Tenerife.^' Following the chart of Narvaez, he concludes the extent to be between 21° 20' and 23° N. lat. and 5° and 6° W. long, from the meridian of Mexico City. Joseph de Ortega, whose Vocabulario en Lengua Castellana y Cora was first published in 1732, says (p. 7, reprint of ISScS) that this language consisted of three dialects: Muutzicat, spoken by those living in the center of the sierra; Teacuacitzica, spoken by those living in the lower parts of the sierra toward the west; and Ateanaca (sometimes contracted to Ate) spoken by the Ateacari living on the banks of the Rio Nayarit. He considers the last as the Cora proper. However, the differences were so slight that subsequent writers do not appear to have considered them dialects representing subtribal distinctions. Orozco y Berra (1 : 281-282) includes the Cora in his Opata-Tarahumar-Pima family, and gives as divisions the Cora proper, Nayarit, Tecualme, Gecualme, and Colotlan. Nayarit, the name the people applied to themselves, is merely a synonym of Cora. Although Tecualme and Gecualme are included by Orozco y Berra in his list of languages, there is no evidence that they indicate dialectic divisions. Moreover, he gives them (1:280) as synonymous. (For Colotlan, see Tepecano, etc., below.) HUICHOL {Synonym: Guichola) A tribe, formerly counted as a subtribe or division of the Cora of Jalisco, living in the rugged sierras on the east of the Cora, by whose territory they are surrounded on the north, west, and south, the Tepecano joining them on the east. Their language is closely related to the Cora, causing some early authorities to classify them as a division of the latter; but recent investigations, chiefly by Hrdlicka, have led to the conclusion that they are more closely related to the GuachichUe than to the Cora, and are apparently an offshoot of that tribe. This confirms the suggestion thrown out by Orozco y Berra (1: 282), ''que los Huicholas son los restos de los anti-
THOMAS] INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTEAL AMERICA 23 guos CuachicMles," a suggestion which he says he neither accepts nor contradicts. As they are separated from the parent tribe by the intervening Zacateco, they are given a distinct area on the accompanying map, with the same number as the Guachichiles. Tepecano, Teule, Cazcan, Tecuexe Orozco y Berra places on his map, to the east and the southeast of the Cora, tribes or supposed tribes speaking these and some other dialects (Coloclan and Coca). As there is considerable doubt in regard to the existence of others of these tribes and dialects and to the linguistic relations of some of them, it is necessary to examine somewhat closely the meager data regarding them. Of these, Coloclan may, so far as the name is concerned, be dismissed from consideration as it is nowhere mentioned in his work. It was evidently intended for "Colotlan" (also given incorrectly by Bancroft, i, 672, as "Cocotlanes"), as it occupies precisely the posi- tion given to Colotlan in the text. Colotlan, it seems, may also be dismissed, as Orozco y Berra (2:644), though locating it on his map (as '' Coloclan") south of the Tepecano area and along the eastern boundary of the Cora territory, identifies it with Tepecano. Colotlan is marked on his map as a pueblo in the Tepecano district and is given by Doctor Hrdhcka (2:399-402) as in the Tepecano area. It would appear safe from this evidence, which has been gathered from the early statements of the missionaries, to assume that Colotlan and Tepecano were one and the same idiom. As this writer classifies Colotlan as a dialect of Cora (Orozco y Berra, 1:282), this, if correct, would bring Tepecano into the same relation, but Doctor Hrdlicka has become convinced by recent investigations made in the section that the Tepecano were most closely related to the Tepehuane, and he gives a brief vocabulary as confirming this opinion (2:419-425). Tepecano is given substantially the same area on the accompanying map as on Orozco y Berra's map. Coca is extinct if, in fact, it ever existed as a distinct idiom. It could not have been very different from Tecuexe if w^e judge by the slight notices left on record in regard to it; in fact Orozco y Berra includes the two in one area on his map. This leaves for consideration of this group of small tribes, or subtribes, so far as mapped by the writer quoted, the Teule, Cazcan, and Tecuexe. Very little mention of the tribes speaking these languages has been left on record. Doctor Hrdhcka says the Cazcanes occupied the land from the "Rio Grande" (Rio Santiago), bordering on the Tepecanos and Tecuexes. Herrera (ii, dec. 4, 197) says merely that they are a nation which inhabit as far as the border of the Zacatecos, and that their speech is different from that of the Mexicans, although the Mexican language had extended into aU
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