Untitled - Smithsonian Institution
Untitled - Smithsonian Institution
Untitled - Smithsonian Institution
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40 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 44<br />
guistic affinities. The intimate relations of the Laguneros with the<br />
Zacatecos, however, lead to the suggestion that these two groups were<br />
probably linguistically related.<br />
Zacateco<br />
The Zacateco inhabited the state of Zacatecas and part of Durango,<br />
more especially those portions in the drainage area of Nazas river.<br />
Orozco y Berra on his map bounds their area on the north by that<br />
of the Irritila, on the west by that of the Tepehuane, and on the<br />
east by that of the Guachichile. On the south they are brought<br />
into relation with the Cora and some small tribes (1 :285, 319).<br />
It would perhaps be appropriate to allude here to that undefined<br />
group designated by the name Chichimeca, as the tribe now referred<br />
to was certainly included therein, but what is to be said on that<br />
subject will be given under a separate heading after a discussion of<br />
the Guachichile.<br />
That there was a distinct tribe known under the name Zacateco,<br />
and that this tribe spoke its own appropriate idiom, are facts too<br />
well established to admit of doubt. Ribas (676), quoting from a<br />
letter of Padre Juan Agustin, one of the first missionaries to that<br />
section, says they gave religious instruction to the Indians in the<br />
Zacateco language, which they had acquired. Mota Padilla (194)<br />
connects the Cazcan with the Zacateco as speaking the same<br />
language. On the other hand, Hervas (311) maintains that the language<br />
was Mexican. He says their name, the names of their "pobla-<br />
ciones," and of their rivers, are Mexican. Orozco y Berra (1 :285)<br />
agrees with Hervas on the point mentioned, as he says the Zacateco<br />
have their proper idiom, which is here classified as a Mexican dialect.<br />
If it be true, as stated by this author (2:644), that an "Arte y<br />
Vocabulario" of the Zacatec language was written by Father Pedro<br />
Espinareda, there is in this fact quite conclusive evidence that the<br />
missionaries recognized the language spoken by the Zacateco as at<br />
least idiomatically distinct from the other known tongues and as<br />
sufficiently varied to require a special acquaintance therewith to give<br />
religious instruction to the natives speaking it.<br />
Unless the Cazcan and Teule Chichimeca were connected with<br />
them, there are no recognized subtribes of the Zacateco.<br />
Guachichile<br />
{Synonym: Cuachichiles)<br />
This tribe, or group, says Orozco y Berra, occupied an immense<br />
area, embracing parts of the present states of Zacatecas, San Luis<br />
Potosi, Nuevo Leon, and Coahuila. According to his map, they connected<br />
on the north with the Irritila (Laguneros), on the west with