Untitled - Smithsonian Institution

More documents

Recommendations

Info

52 BUREAU OF AMEKICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 44 in comparatively modern times. At the same time the dialects so standardized were probably related to Aztec, and no extreme error will result from classifying them all as Aztec dialects. The entire Aztec area, as given above, is consequently brought under the same color as the other Nahuatlan dialects on the accompanying map. According to Clavigero (i, 6) — MiXTEC Mixtecapan, or the province of the Mixtecas, extended itself from Acatlan, a place distant an hundred and twenty miles from the court, towards the south-east, as far as the Pacific Ocean, and contained several cities and villages, well inhabited and of con- siderable trade. To the east of the Mixtecas were the Zapotecas. Orozco y Berra (1:189) says the Mixtecos extend into the states of Puebla, Guerrero, and Oaxaca, occupying in these the departments of Centro, Jamiltepec, and Teposcolula. Professor Starr (37) says: The country occupied by the Mixtecs extends eastward from the Pacific Coast in the high mountain country of the interior. Their territory lies within the states of Gue- rrero, Puebla, and Oaxaca, but chiefly in the last. The area is usually divided into two districts: Mixteca alta, or high Mixteca, and Mixteca baja, or low Mixteca; but this division appears to have been given with reference to topography rather than to difference in idioms, though it is said that there are several minor dialects. Orozco y Berra mentions eleven dialects, as follows: Tepuzculano, in Oaxaca Mixteco of Yauhuatlan, in Oaxaca Mixteca Baja, in Puebla and Guerrero Montanes, in Guerrero Cuixtlahuac Mixteco of Tlaxiaco Professor Starr (37) says : Mixteco of Cuilapa Mixteco of Mictlantongo Mixteco of Tamazulapa Mixteco of Xaltepec Mixteco of Nochiztlan The language presents many dialects—Orozco listing eleven, of which that of Teposcolula is claimed to be the most important. Not only are different towns said to have distinct dialects, but even parts of the same town. No attempt has been made, so far as known, to determine the differences between these dialects or to locate them more exactly than as given by Orozco y Berra. Trike This language, which belongs to the Zapotecan family, is spoken by a small tribe residing in the central part of the Mixtec area, and is considered by Belmar as more directly related to Mixtec. Though giving the language as distinct without classifying it, Orozco y Berra locates the tribe in four curacies in Tehuantepec in association with, or in the vicinity of, the Chontal (1 :186). Although
THOMAS] INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 53 in most cases our best guide, it appears that in this instance he is in error. Francisco Behnar, who has made a study of this and other related idioms, says the language was spoken in only six pueblos: San Andres Chicahuaxtla, Santo Domingo Chicahuaxtla, San Miguel Chicahuaxtla, San Jose Chicahuaxtla, San Martin Ytunyosa, and Copala, pertaining to the districts of Tlaxiaco (Tlajiaco) and Juxtlahuaca, which are in Oaxaca. Professor Starr (42) says none of the towns mentioned by Orozco y Berra are Trike; that three are Chontal, and the fourth (Tenango) is perhaps Zapot-ec, and that the real district of the Trike is situated in the high mountains of the districts of Tlaxiaco and Juxtlahuaca, perhaps 200 miles in a direct line from Orozco y Berra's location. They form a little island of Trike speech in the midst of the Mixtec area. They occupy only five of the towns mentioned by Belmar, San Miguel Chicahuaxtla being a Mixtec town. The language spoken at Copala differs somewhat from that spoken by the other pueblos, though comprehensible to them. The area occupied by this tribe is marked on the present map in accordance with this evidence. Chocho Orozco y Berra (1 : 196) asserts that this language, which is related to Mixtec, has received the name CJiocho in Oaxaca; Popoloco in Puebla; Tlapaneco in Guerrero ; Teco in Michoacan ; Pupuluca in Guatemala and in ancient Yope. As it is now known that Teco is Cuitlateco, a Mexican dialect, and that Pupuluca is given both as a Mayan and a Lencan idiom, these must be excluded; Yope also hav- ing dropped out of use, may be dismissed from consideration. This leaves only Chocho, Popoloco, and Tlapaneco to be considered. "Chuchon," which Brmton adopts in his American Race, is merely a variation of the name Chocho. Professor Starr (71) assures us that in the district he visited there is a clear recognition that the language of the Chocho towns of Oaxaca is the same as the Popoloco of Puebla, and he is sustained by Orozco y Berra, but both are mistaken so far as the ancient Popoloco language is concerned, which was a dialect of !Mixe. Professor Starr does not express an opinion as to the Tlapaneco. Sahagun (671) says the Tlapaneco language is precisely the same as those called Tenime, Pinome, Chinquime, Chochontin, in the singular Pinotl, Chinquitl, Chochon. This brings Tlapaneco into the same relation as that given by Orozco y Berra. The name Chocho has therefore been applied to each of the three groups in the present map. The Chocho group, according to Professor Starr, was situated in the district of Coixtlahuaca. This agrees with Orozco y Berra's map, in
Page 9:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF A
Page 13 and 14:
CONTENTS Introduction 1 Mexico 2 Co
Page 15:
CONTENTS Central America—Continue
Page 18 and 19: 2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bul
Page 26 and 27: " 10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [
Page 28 and 29: 12 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bu
Page 36 and 37: 20 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bo
Page 46 and 47: 30 BUKEAU OF AMEKICAN ETHNOLOGY [bu
Page 48 and 49: 32 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bd
Page 50 and 51: 34 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bu
Page 52 and 53: 36 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bu
Page 64 and 65: 48 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bo
Page 70 and 71: . 54 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [
Page 86 and 87: : 70 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [
Page 88 and 89: 72 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bo
Page 98 and 99: 8^ BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bu
Page 100 and 101: 84 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bu
Page 102 and 103: — 86 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Page 106 and 107: 90 BUREAU OF AMERICA:^r ETHNOLOGY [
Page 114 and 115: 98 BIBLIOGRAPHY [b. a. e. Cancio, D
Page 116 and 117: 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY [B. A. E. Proceedi
Page 118 and 119:
102 Page Cazcanes Chichimecas 24 Ce
Page 120 and 121:
104 INDEX OF LINGUISTIC FAMILIES I'
Page 122 and 123:
106 INDEX OF LINGUISTIC FAMILIES Sa
Page 124:
108 INDEX OF LINGUISTIC FAMILIES Pa
show all

Untitled - Smithsonian Institution

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?