Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy
Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy
Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy
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B100. 60-TO-1 RULE APPLICATIONS<br />
APPENDIX B<br />
60-TO-1 RULE<br />
Mathematical Basis for 60-to-1 Rule: Circle Circumference = 2 x radius x 3.14 = 6.28 x radius<br />
6.28× 60 NM<br />
Therefore, @ 60 NM, 1 degree – 360 degrees<br />
- 1.05 NM/degree ≈1 NM<br />
To: Use:<br />
Horizontal<br />
Convert Airspeed to<br />
NM / Min<br />
Calculate<br />
Lead Radials<br />
for Turn Radius<br />
Calculate<br />
Holding or PT<br />
Teardrop Angle<br />
Calculate<br />
Crosswind (XW)<br />
Calculate<br />
XW<br />
Crab ≈<br />
Crab NM<br />
Min<br />
Vertical<br />
Calculate<br />
VDP<br />
Calculate<br />
Gradient<br />
Calculate<br />
VSI<br />
NM KTAS<br />
=<br />
Min 60<br />
3.5×<br />
FL<br />
where KTAS ≈ KIAS + for T-6 airspeeds<br />
10<br />
-OR- KTAS ≈ 1.2× KIAS (a more rough estimate)<br />
Lead Radials = TR x Radials / NM<br />
where:<br />
TR = Turn Radius (in NM)<br />
≈ (NM/Min) – 2<br />
-or-<br />
≈ (NM/Min) 2 x 0.1 (better for low-speed calculations)<br />
“Rule of 4s”<br />
Teardrop Angle/10 + Holding Pattern Length (minutes) ≈ 4<br />
1 min ⇒ 30 O Teardrop<br />
1-1/2 min ⇒ 25 O Teardrop<br />
2 min ⇒ 20 O Teardrop<br />
XW ≈ [(Rwy Hdg - Wind Dir) + 20]% x Wind Velocity<br />
-OR- (Clock Method) 15 O off ⇒ 25% of the wind<br />
30 O off ⇒ 50% of the wind<br />
45 O off ⇒ 75% of the wind<br />
≥ 60 O off ⇒ 100% of the wind<br />
HAT (100s of<br />
Distance from Runway (NM) ≈ Gradient<br />
Descent Gradient ≈<br />
NM<br />
VSI ≈<br />
× 100 ft × Gradient<br />
Min<br />
100s of feet<br />
Distance in NM<br />
feet)<br />
(“GUS wears a HAT”)<br />
60-TO-1 RULE B-1
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