Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy

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CHAPTER FOUR T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION 401. LEVEL-OFF General. Smoothly level-off at desired altitude with power set to attain or maintain desired airspeed. Description. Change of pitch to reduce vertical speed at a specific altitude combined with power adjustment to meet desired airspeed. Procedure. To level-off at airspeed below climb speed, lower the nose to level flight and reduce power below the setting required to maintain the lower airspeed. To level-off at a higher airspeed, leave the PCL at MAX or set power above the setting required to maintain the greater airspeed. Adjust power approaching target airspeed and trim. Use similar procedures for a level-off from a descent. One method is to use 10 percent of vertical speed (from VSI) as a lead point to begin level-off. For example, begin level-off 200’ below desired altitude when VSI indicates 2000 feet per minute (FPM). At the lead point, cut the pitch in half, and then continue pitch change to smoothly level-off. If intermediate level-offs are required, it is permissible to maintain climb airspeed or accelerate to the appropriate cruise speed for that altitude. IFR Departure methods: An instrument departure is a procedure used to ensure a safe climb out from an airport and to provide safe separation between aircraft. There are four common types of departures listed below. 4-2 INAV DEPARTURE PROCEDURES NOTE The Trouble T: An Obstacle Departure Procedure (ODP) that has been developed solely for obstacle avoidance will be indicated with the symbol “T” on IAP charts (approach plates) and Departure Procedure (DP) charts [ODP or Standard Instrument Departure (SID) plates]. The user of these should refer to the front section of his approach plate for specific information pertaining to the obstacle, and climb out required. Refer to AIM 5-2-8 for more information. OPNAV 3710.7 defines takeoff minima for Naval Aircraft. 1. Instrument Departure Procedures (DPs). DPs are preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) procedures which provide obstruction clearance from the terminal area to the appropriate enroute structure. There are two basic types of DPs. a. Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODPs) provide obstruction clearance from the terminal area to the appropriate enroute structure. Found in DOD FLIP approach plates, ODPs will be labeled with the word “OBSTACLE” in the title. Example: GEYSER THREE DEPARTURE (OBSTACLE)
T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION CHAPTER FOUR b. Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs) are air traffic control procedures printed in graphic form for pilot use. SIDs provide obstruction clearance and a transition from the terminal area to the appropriate enroute structure. Found in DOD FLIP approach plates. 2. Radar Departure. Many military and civilian fields have no published DPs. A radar departure is a procedure used in the absence of a DP, or if the pilot elects not to fly the published DP. The radar departure may use radar vector instructions or allow aircraft to proceed direct to a point along the flight plan route. The pilot can only expect a radar departure if it is requested in the remarks section of the flight plan; otherwise, a DP may be assigned by ATC if available. 3. Diverse. The most basic of the four, you are cleared as filed on your flight plan. a. Initial turn is made at 400’ AGL and a 200 feet per nautical mile (FPNM) climb rate is required. i. For example, you file from Grand Junction CO to Salt Lake City Intl via Direct GJT V134 to FFU, then V21 to SLC direct KSLC. ii. To convert FPMN to VSI: (a) A climb out speed of 180 KIAS = 3 nautical miles (NM) per minute. (b) 3 NM/min * 200’/NM = 600’/min or 600 VSI at 180 KIAS. b. Upon contact with clearance, you are cleared “as filed, to 15,000 feet.” c. In this case, takeoff, fly direct to GJT, then V134 to FFU, etc… 4. Visual Climb Over the Airport (VCOA). In a VCOA, the pilot is responsible for climbing VFR above the airport to a predetermined altitude, then proceed outbound on an IFR flight plan. These clearances are usually left to the smaller airports, which do not possess a DP or approach control radar to provide vectors upon departure. Example: “<strong>Navy</strong> 10, climb in visual conditions so as to cross the Beatty airport Southbound at or above 6000’, then climb via the Beatty Three Three Zero to the Beatty VOR, then as filed, climb and maintain 15,000 feet.” INAV DEPARTURE PROCEDURES 4-3
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CHAPTER SEVEN T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUME
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CHAPTER EIGHT T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUME
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CHAPTER NINE T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMEN
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CHAPTER TEN T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT
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CHAPTER ELEVEN T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUM
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APPENDIX A T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT
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APPENDIX B T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT
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Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy

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