Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy

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CHAPTER TWO T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION 205. PAT PRINCIPLE 2-4 FUNDAMENTAL INAV CONCEPTS NOTE A good scan will include approximately 50% of the time on the attitude indicator. Remember that all transitions are conducted while establishing attitude on the attitude indicator. In most transitions from level flight, students will have to reset power, attitude and re-trim for the new attitude. The mechanics of transitions will be performed in a specific sequence: Power Attitude Trim Although power and attitude changes are almost simultaneous, lead with PCL movement, then set the new attitude while continuing to move the PCL to the desired power setting. After the power and attitude are set, trim. 206. SPATIAL DISORIENTATION Spatial disorientation can be defined simply as a body sensation which tells the aviator that his aircraft is in a particular attitude, when the aircraft is actually in an entirely different position relative to the horizon. This false sensation is derived from a number of sources: the inner ear and vestibular stimulation are the most common. Spatial disorientation usually does not occur when a pilot has visual reference to the horizon, or at least, the pilot pays little attention to his body feelings, since his sight simply overcomes them. Disorientation occurs when there is no reference to the horizon; however, this does not necessarily limit vertigo to flying in the clouds. It can occur when the aircraft flying under visual flight rules (VFR), on a day when there are large buildups, when flying above a layer of clouds, when flying in and out of a broken layer, or when launching at night with no clear horizon. Vertigo or the disorientation sensation is, and always will be, a factor in aviation, but is dangerous only when the pilot believes and flies his senses instead of the reliable instruments. The spatial disorientation training in the T-6B will demonstrate and emphasize three specific facts: 1. A pilot’s attitude sensations are generally unreliable. 2. The pilot cannot recover to straight and level flight using these sensations. 3. Instruments are the only way to recognize and recover from unusual attitudes.
T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION CHAPTER TWO 207. VERTIGO DEMONSTRATION The instructor will fly the aircraft through a series of smooth, easy maneuvers while the student closes his eyes. The student gives a running commentary of his sensations over the ICS. When disorientation is evident, the student will be informed to open his eyes and check his attitude. This will vividly emphasize the unreliability of body senses. It should be noted that “eyes closed” simulates inattention to the instruments, which may occur any time a pilot is tuning radios, checking charts, or attempting to maintain VFR scan in marginal conditions. The maneuvers performed are smooth and constant, producing the typically smooth, insidious vertigo. They are not the accustomed violent maneuvers usually associated with unusual attitudes, which produce an immediate indication of abnormal flight. Instead, the simulated inattention induces real disorientation. The vertigo demonstration will not be graded. All aviators are susceptible to vertigo, and this demonstration is intended to emphasize that. Fatigue, turbulence, dim lighting, and IFR conditions all contribute to the onset of vertigo. 208. THE SIX Ts The 6 Ts are a memory jogger for the pilot to use at various points during flight to remind him to execute certain procedures. These points include the Initial Approach Fix (IAF), station passage, Final Approach Fix (FAF), Holding Fix, and Missed Approach. The 6 Ts are: 1. TIME – note time/start clock as required. 2. TURN – to course as required. 3. TIME – note time/start clock as required. 4. TRANSITION – to appropriate speed and configuration/descend as required. 5. TWIST – CDI to desired course/intercept as required. 6. TALK – report to ATC position/time/intentions/configuration as required. FUNDAMENTAL INAV CONCEPTS 2-5
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CHAPTER NINE T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMEN
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APPENDIX A T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT
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APPENDIX B T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT
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Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy

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