Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy

CHAPTER SEVEN T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION
direction must be made. The direction of turn will be determined as follows:
Determine the aircraft’s present position. Do this by visualizing the aircraft on the
tail of the needle. Turn toward the holding radial. In Figure 7-4 (A), the aircraft is on
the 70º radial and the holding radial, 90ºR is to the right, indicating a right turn. In
Figure 7-4 (C), the aircraft is on the 110º radial and the holding radial, 90ºR is to the
left, indicating a left turn.
Remember: TAIL – RADIAL – TURN
If the aircraft is on the holding radial, turn towards the holding side of the pattern to
remain within protected airspace. Figure 7-4 (B) illustrates this situation.
7-6 HOLDING PROCEDURES
Figure 7-4 Determining Turn Direction
c. During the last half of the turn, check the position of the head of the needle relative to
the holding course to determine whether or not the aircraft will roll out on the holding
course. If the aircraft is on the holding course at the completion of the turn, simply
track inbound on the holding course. If not on course, stop the turn with a double–
the–angle intercept for VOR holding at a NAVAID. When holding at a radial/DME
from a NAVAID and turning to intercept the inbound course, an intercept greater than
“double-the-angle” will be required. This is to compensate for the greater spacing
between radials when holding away from the station. In this type of holding, a 30-45º
angle of intercept will establish the aircraft on the inbound course. Once established
on course, commence tracking inbound to the holding fix. It is critical to establish
the aircraft on course prior to crossing the holding fix.
In Figure 7-5 (A), the aircraft will be on the holding course at the completion of the
turn. Although the head of the needle is not directly on 270º at the point illustrated, it
will fall the remaining few degrees during the completion of the turn. Figure 7-5 (B)