Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy

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CHAPTER SIX T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION It should also be noted that this is a no wind calculation. In the aircraft, you will need to take winds into account. 605. ARCING General. To fly in an arc at a set distance from a NAVAID. Description. Arcing is defined as flying at a constant distance from a NAVAID by reference of DME from that station. Arcing about a station may be required to comply with an ATC clearance and is an integral part of many approaches, departure procedures, and arrivals. In practice, you do not actually fly a “perfect arc,” but by varying AOB and heading, a close approximation of an arc can be achieved. Procedure. 1. Proceed direct to the arc (radial and DME that defines the beginning of the arc). 2. Calculate the lead-point. 3. Determine the direction of turn at the lead-point. 4. At the lead-point, start a SRT in the appropriate direction. Continue the turn to place the head of the bearing pointer on the 90º benchmark. 5. Check DME. a. If DME is less than desired, the aircraft is inside the arc. To correct back to the arc, simply maintain the heading. If excessively inside the arc (0.5 DME or more inside the arc), make a turn to place the head of the bearing pointer up to 15º below the 90º benchmark to return the aircraft back to the arc. Approaching the arc, lead the turn onto the arc and resume Arcing Procedures. b. If DME is greater than desired, the aircraft is outside the arc. To correct, turn to place the head of the bearing pointer up to 15º above the 90º benchmark. 6. Once established on the ARC in a no-wind situation, remain on the arc by altering aircraft heading and/or bank to maintain the head of the bearing pointer on or near the 90° benchmark. When altering aircraft heading, consider the position of the bearing pointer relative to the 90° benchmark. In a no-wind situation: a. Head of the bearing pointer ON the 90° benchmark………….DME constant. b. Head of the bearing pointer BELOW the 90° benchmark……DME increases. c. Head of the bearing pointer ABOVE the 90° benchmark…….DME decreases. 6-8 ENROUTE PROCEDURES
T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION CHAPTER SIX Common Errors. 1. Not providing adequate lead for turns, thus overshooting the arc. 2. Turning in the wrong direction to get back on the arc. Remember the head of the needle points at the station. 606. ARC / RADIAL INTERCEPTS General. To determine the lead turn required in order to align the aircraft on a course off of an arc. Description. On some approaches, missed approaches and departure procedures, you will be required to fly an arc and then intercept a radial (inbound or outbound) from that arc. In this situation, you have to decide when to start your turn off the arc to intercept the radial. Procedure. In the following example, consider an aircraft on the 12 DME arc flying at 180 KIAS, turning onto a course inbound. Determining Lead Radial 1. Determine the number of radials per mile. Recall from the 60–to–1 rule, that 60 divided by DME equals the number of radials in one mile. In this example: 60/12 = 5 radials per mile on the 12 DME arc. 2. Determine the turn radius of the aircraft (for 90° of turn). This is 0.5% of the groundspeed. In this example: 0.5% of 180 = 0.9 NM. 3. Multiply the turn radius by the number of radials per mile. 0.9 NM * (5 radials /NM) = 4.5 radials 4. In this case, start the turn 4.5 radials prior to the intended course. It should also be noted that this is a no wind calculation. In the aircraft, you will need to take winds into account. 607. INTERSECTIONS General. An intersection is a point defined by any combination of courses, radials, or bearings of two or more NAVAIDS. Description. With DME available, an intersection may be identified as a radial and distance from a station. The station used to navigate on the airway is called the primary station. If a ENROUTE PROCEDURES 6-9
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NAVAL AIR TRAINING COMMAND NAS CORP
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CHAPTER EIGHT T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUME
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CHAPTER NINE T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMEN
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CHAPTER TEN T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT
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CHAPTER ELEVEN T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUM
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APPENDIX A T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT
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APPENDIX B T-6B PRIMARY INSTRUMENT
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Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy

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