The way ahead? - Vodafone
The way ahead? - Vodafone
The way ahead? - Vodafone
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136<br />
<strong>Vodafone</strong> Group Plc<br />
Annual Report 2013<br />
Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)<br />
A1. Significant accounting policies (continued)<br />
Net investment hedges<br />
Exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign operations are recognised directly in equity. Gains and losses<br />
on those hedging instruments (which include bonds, commercial paper and foreign exchange contracts) designated as hedges of the net<br />
investments in foreign operations are recognised in equity to the extent that the hedging relationship is effective; these amounts are included<br />
in exchange differences on translation of foreign operations as stated in the statement of comprehensive income. Gains and losses relating to hedge<br />
ineffectiveness are recognised immediately in the income statement for the period. Gains and losses accumulated in the translation reserve are<br />
included in the income statement when the foreign operation is disposed of.<br />
Put option arrangements<br />
<strong>The</strong> potential cash payments related to put options issued by the Group over the equity of subsidiary companies are accounted for as financial<br />
liabilities when such options may only be settled by exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of shares<br />
in the subsidiary.<br />
<strong>The</strong> amount that may become payable under the option on exercise is initially recognised at present value within borrowings with a corresponding<br />
charge directly to equity. <strong>The</strong> charge to equity is recognised separately as written put options over non-controlling interests, adjacent to noncontrolling<br />
interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries. <strong>The</strong> Group recognises the cost of writing such put options, determined as the<br />
excess of the present value of the option over any consideration received, as a financing cost.<br />
Such options are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method, in order to accrete the liability up to the<br />
amount payable under the option at the date at which it first becomes exercisable; the charge arising is recorded as a financing cost. In the event that<br />
the option expires unexercised, the liability is derecognised with a corresponding adjustment to equity.<br />
Provisions<br />
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Group will<br />
be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the directors’<br />
best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the reporting date and are discounted to present value where the effect<br />
is material.<br />
Share-based payments<br />
<strong>The</strong> Group issues equity-settled share-based payments to certain employees. Equity-settled share-based payments are measured at fair value<br />
(excluding the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. <strong>The</strong> fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled<br />
share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of the shares that will eventually<br />
vest and adjusted for the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions.<br />
Fair value is measured by deducting the present value of expected dividend cash flows over the life of the awards from the share price as at the<br />
grant date.<br />
Some share awards have an attached market condition, based on total shareholder return (‘TSR’), which is taken into account when calculating the<br />
fair value of the share awards. <strong>The</strong> valuation for the TSR is based on <strong>Vodafone</strong>’s ranking within the same group of companies, where possible, over<br />
the past five years.<br />
<strong>The</strong> fair value of awards of non-vested shares is equal to the closing price of the Group’s shares on the date of grant, adjusted for the present value<br />
of future dividend entitlements where appropriate.<br />
A2. Segment analysis<br />
<strong>The</strong> Group’s businesses are primarily managed on a geographical basis. Selected financial data is presented<br />
on this basis below.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Group has a single group of related services and products being the supply of communications services and products. Revenue is attributed<br />
to a country or region based on the location of the Group company reporting the revenue. Inter-segment sales are charged at arm’s length prices.<br />
During the year ended 31 March 2013 the Group changed its organisation structure. <strong>The</strong> Northern and Central Europe region comprises Germany,<br />
the UK, the Netherlands, Turkey, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland and Romania. <strong>The</strong> Southern Europe region comprises Italy, Spain, Greece,<br />
Portugal, Albania and Malta. <strong>The</strong> tables below present segment information on the revised basis, with prior years amended to conform to the current<br />
year presentation.