1. Introduction - Firenze University Press

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Fig. A.3. Simulation model of CFB CHP plant, without CO2 capture (Thermoflex) 129
Table A.<strong>1.</strong> Calculated parameters at selected points of the plant structure for IGCC CHP case (point numbers correspond to those in Fig. A.1) Water/Steam T, C p, bar m, kg/s Quality Syngas Stream number Stream number 154 565 128 40,26 Superheated 235,4C 152 565 39,5 35,02 Superheated 315,4C 101 321,92 8 39,93 Superheated 151,5C 123 211,96 3 35,67 Superheated 78,4C 67 72,53 0,3478 35,67 0,9703 126 122,8 43,16 8,52 Sub cooled 132,1C 127 125,38 154,06 40,34 Sub cooled 218,9C 160 122,06 11,22 4,92 Sub cooled 62,9C T, C p, bar m, kg/s H2 CO2 CO N2 H2O H2S COS Ar Other 130 mole fractions 41 600 41,17 22,74 21,73 6,64 47,80 8,18 15,2 0,38 0,031 0,03 0,009 47 179,88 40,44 24,44 19,29 5,9 42,44 7,26 24,73 0,33 0,0275 0,02 0,0025 204 220 38,89 24,44 19,29 5,9 42,44 7,26 24,73 0,33 0,0275 0,02 0,0025 20 358,39 35,06 35,82 38,31 29,72 1,37 4,67 25,68 0,23 0,0004 0,01 0,0096 219 149,61 30,24 35,82 38,31 29,72 1,37 4,67 25,68 0,23 0,0004 0,01 0,0096 29 58,9 28,79 27,79 51,21 39,73 1,83 6,23 0,66 0,31 0,0005 0,02 0,0095 1 27,22 27,03 5,12 84,5 2,11 3,02 10,29 0,042 0,0005 0,0008 0,03 0,0067 201 143,73 26,5 17,33 53,3 1,33 1,91 42,59 0,03 0,0003 0,0275 0,03 0,7822 Table A.2. Calculated parameters at selected points of the plant structure for CHP plant with CO2 capture case (point numbers correspond to those in Fig. A.2a and Fig. A.2b) Water/Steam Stream number T, C p, bar m, kg/s Quality 16 560 161 81,14 Superheated 212,1C 20 344,8 39,8 76,54 Superheated 94,8C 31 287,1 25,3 71,59 Superheated 62,6C 32 194,6 10,9 63,32 Superheated 10,9C 1 158,8 6 61,19 0,977 29 126,1 2,4 35,99 0,936 33 126,1 2,4 25,09 0,936 17 245 172,6 81,34 Sub cooled 108,5C 15 470 162,6 81,14 Superheated 121,3C
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Proceedings e report 90
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ECOS 2012 : the 25 th International
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Advisory Committee (Track Organizer
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The 25 th ECOS Conference 1987-2012
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VOLUME VI CONTENT VI. 1 CARBON CAPT
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-----------------------------------
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» Personal transportation energy c
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» Excess enthalpies of second gene
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VOLUME IV IV . 1 - FLUID DYNAMICS A
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» Exergy analysis and genetic algo
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» Optimal lighting control strateg
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» Stability and limit cycles in an
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PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012 - THE 25 T
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Fig. 2. The exergy destruction of M
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ineffectiveness of the catalyst, in
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[ P EXmth EX SNG] ESR F where EXm
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Fuel inputkW 728221 203771 237719 3
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Not only at desined Rc (the ratio o
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4. DISCUSSION The graphic exergy an
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Figure 9(a) illustrates the energy
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Engineering Technical Conferences &
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generally there are four kinds of m
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However, even under the off-design
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Fig. 3. 600MW supercritical coal-fi
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CO2 rich loading(molCO2/molMEA) 0.4
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Net efficiency (%) 40.28 30.29 26.4
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Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of heat
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28.67%. In addition, through heat i
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Applied Thermal Engineering 2010;30
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Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
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Fig. 1. Solution diagram of „four
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K ~ K 1 eK 1a p K 1a iK mK
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Oxygen recovery rate, % 105 95 85 7
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Calculated optimal compressor press
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The net amount of the flue gas leav
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Figure 3. Idea for lignite drying b
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Energy efficiency, % 34,00 33,00 32
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points efficiency increase related
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Figure A1b. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A3a. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A4. Thermoflex flow sheet of
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2.1. Life Cycle Assessment 2.1.1. G
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these factors. A sensitivity analys
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methane slip contributes to 13% of
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As can be seen in Fig. 5 the impact
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References [1] Eurobserv’er, The
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in which CO2 is separated from H2,
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dimensions of water droplets and wa
Page 106 and 107: Temperature (°C) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Page 108 and 109: 4. Conclusions In the present paper
Page 110 and 111: Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
Page 112 and 113: penalty, but without separate captu
Page 114 and 115: 0.5 - 0.7 kg/kg, resulting typicall
Page 116 and 117: 3.3 - Utilising waste heat All exis
Page 118 and 119: 4.5 - Suomusjärvi olivine deposits
Page 120 and 121: material will change from a few % t
Page 122 and 123: Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the PFB
Page 124 and 125: 8. Combined SO2 capture and CO2 min
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 10 Carbonate- (left) and sulph
Page 128 and 129: [13] Ekdahl, E., Idman, H. Statemen
Page 132 and 133: HEAT Fig. 1. Scheme and main reacti
Page 134: (raw) materials pre-heating and AS
Page 137 and 138: Fig 3- Aspen Plus® model 110
Page 139 and 140: Table 4. Elemental and XRD analysis
Page 141 and 142: the ÅA CSM route. The content of M
Page 145 and 146: moisture - 0,2237 ash - 0,0876 LHV
Page 147 and 148: 2.2 CFB plant For the current momen
Page 149 and 150: The CO2 emission factor which indic
Page 151 and 152: The CO2 emission factor calculated
Page 153 and 154: Appendix A Fig A.1. Simulation mode
Page 155: (b) Fig. A.2. Simulation model of C
Page 159 and 160: References [1] Pfaff I., Oexmann J.
Page 161 and 162: with a CC installation could be avo
Page 163 and 164: 2.3. Basic CHP plant indices. The b
Page 165 and 166: 3. Off-design calculations The main
Page 167 and 168: Fig. 6. CHP plant efficiency Fig. 7
Page 169 and 170: amount of steam delivered to the he
Page 171 and 172: [5] Lukowicz H., Mroncz M.: Analysi
Page 173 and 174: water removal is feasible by coolin
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Sketch of the suggested P
Page 177 and 178: a b Figure 5. a) Exergy balance of
Page 179 and 180: The basis of comparison of each met
Page 181 and 182: Figure 7a. Impact of S/CATR on PCU
Page 183 and 184: However, more energy duty is requir
Page 187 and 188: 3.1. JACOBIAN-ASPEN Interface ASPEN
Page 189 and 190: Fig. 3. Triple Pressure Bottoming S
Page 191 and 192: As seen from Table 1, the mass flow
Page 193 and 194: 4. Conclusion Fig. 5. Partial Emiss
Page 195 and 196: [19] Yantovski E., Shokotov M., Sho
Page 197 and 198: investigation and the developing of
Page 199 and 200: University of L’Aquila and German
Page 201 and 202: hydrogen combustion technology at d
Page 203 and 204: eversibility of a pre-treated synth
Page 205 and 206: Fig. 1. TG curves collected for spe
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(see Fig 5). Carbon dioxide uptake
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period is reduced to the first 15 c
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CO2 capture capacity up to 150 th c
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the way for biogas utilisation is t
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projectand is described in the foll
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4. Pilot plant tests In order to de
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Concerning the absorption reaction,
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with Regeneration (AwR), consists i
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[25] Aspen Plus 2004.1. Cambridge,
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systems for fuel drying waste strea
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heated in a heat exchanger placed i
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Fig. 2. Lower heating value of fuel
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Acknowledgements The results presen
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large amount of CO2 [1,5-7]. APCr a
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N 1 i ( x x i n 1 m ) 2.3. Carbon
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DTA analysis of the untreated APCrs
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Table 4. Relative Error (%) of the
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CaO HCl CaCl H O 193kJ / mol (
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[1] M. Fernández Bertos, S.J.R. Si
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2. Process development 2.1. Backgro
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to dissolve the chloride salts prec
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The remaining 25% (5 ml/min) of the
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Table 6. Experimental conversions o
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p p 1 1. 5 p H 1 1. 5 2O p mi
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Calculating from the Aspen Plus mod
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[11] Mattila, H.-P., Experimental s
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Mg2SiO4(s) + 2CO2(g) →2MgCO3(s) +
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(Mg/Fe) of the mineral rock, Mg-sil
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Figure 2. Effect of Mg/Fe ratio of
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Figure 4 shows that an increase in
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Figure 5. Process flow diagram of M
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2. Only cold utility is needed belo
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extraction process at 400 °C (~ 62
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Table A2. Extraction equations and
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[13] Teir S, Kuusik R, Fogelholm CJ
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In the area of coal technologies al
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Tabel 1. Characteristics quantities
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N m eT 4a ~ T cp T4a 1 ( K
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Auxiliary power rate of ASU, % 40 4
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[8] Buhre B.J.P., Elliott L.K., She
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1.1 - Cement Manufacturing The ceme
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2. Numerical model The purpose of t
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-0.309x15.77x2 2.085x3 240x4 12.53x
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Table 4 - Results of the optimizati
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1. Define the studied system (in th
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cycle) or a lignin extraction plant
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limiting factor for the maximum siz
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Table 5. Key data for the four ener
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Global CO 2 emissions [ktonnes/yr]
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for biofuels and the investment cos
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The possibility to capture CO2 from
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[17] Berglin N, Andersson L. Proces
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Therefore NL Agency (an agency of t
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2.2.2. Pinch analysis Pinch analysi
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3. Case study 3.1. Plant and proces
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Te 1000 mp era 900 tur 800 e [°C 7
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Application of the approach led to
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The advantage of dynamic models is
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e equal at both time intervals and
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2.5. Selecting the number of TSs Se
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A) Time Slices for solar thermal en
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The first step of procedure is to p
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cTSs demand TS solar TSs 0 2 4 6 8
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In the presented paper a framework
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[5] Erdil E, Ilkan M, Egelioglu F.
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district energy network simulation
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were decreased by 10°C.All scenari
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Site 3 Heat sources Heat load Site
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3.2.2. Input data and assumptions A
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Fig.7 shows the operation forecast
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[13] TERMIS Operation User Guide, 7
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Polygeneration is a term used to de
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The increase in energy utilization
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are available for an entire year, 8
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6. Extensions to core methodology 6
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thermal storage and possible suppor
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laterites. Ore Geology Reviews, v.
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gasification [15], hybrid biomass g
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the second reactor. In this unit, s
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The variables effect was evaluated
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atio, as well as the shift-syngas f
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Fig. 4. Effect of operating tempera
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SDG has slight effect on the syngas
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[26.] Castle WF. Air separation and
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1. Introduction - Firenze University Press

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