1. Introduction - Firenze University Press

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By using the described energy market scenarios, a sensitivity analysis regarding energy and CO2 prices is automatically carried out. It is, however, difficult to include all parameters affecting the results, for example the level of different policy instruments in the scenarios and the effect of the estimate of the investment cost. Therefore an extended sensitivity analysis is performed in addition to that inherent in using the scenarios for some key parameters to identify their impact on investment decision variables. The variation of the policy instruments are performed without considering the relationship between these parameters, and other parameters, within the scenarios. 5. Results and discussion Figs 3 and 4 present a comparison of the different studied options for debottlenecking the recovery boiler and utilise pulp mill excess steam and heat for the energy market of 2020 and 2030. Each technology option is represented by a shaded area where the larger focal point show the original solution gained for the technology and the smaller points show the solutions gained from the sensitivity analysis. Since non-energy related costs and revenues (e.g. raw material costs and sales of pulp) are omitted in this study no information can be found in the absolute values; it is only the comparisons between the different cases that are interesting.RBU:Electricity is used as a baseline for the comparison, represented by the intersection by the x- and y-axises. Consequently, solutions positioned in the lower right quadrant both have a better economic performance and are associated with lower global CO2 emissions thanRBU:Electricity. 279
Global CO 2 emissions [ktonnes/yr] 25% increased pulp production in 2020 (no CCS) Scenario 1 (Low/Low) Scenario 2 (High/Low) Annual net profit [kEuro/yr] e2 100 -30000 d3 d2 0 c -10000 a2 c f b d1 b a1 10000 30000 50000 Global CO 2 emissions [ktonnes/yr] d3 c d2 a2 a1 e1 c b -100 d1 c b a1 a2 b 280 Global CO 2 emissions [ktonnes/y r] Annual net profit [kEuro/yr] a2 100 a2 -30000 e2 c d3 0 f d1 d3 d2 d2 b b -10000 c 10000 c d1 e1 b c b 30000 50000 b a1 -100 Scenario 3 (Low/High) Scenario 4 (High/High) Annual net profit [kEuro/yr] e2 100 c -100 a2 b e1 c a2 a1 b Global CO 2 emissions [ktonnes/y r] -30000 d2 c 0 d3 -10000 a2 d3 d2 d1 f d1 a1 10000 b c b 30000 50000 -30000 d3 d2 0 c -10000 a2 d3 d2 f d1 b 10000 a1 c b 30000 50000 c d1 a1 b c a1 b 100 -100 a1 Annual net profit [kEuro/yr] Fig. 3. Results for the different studied cases and the sensitivity analysis for the average year of 2020.For each studied case, the larger centre point represents the optimal solution for that case given the energy market scenario prices. The smaller points show how the optimal solution shifts when changing certain parameters in the sensitivity analysis. The shaded areas show the span between the solutions given in the sensitivity analysis.RBU:Electricity is used as a baseline for the comparison, represented by the intersection by the x- and y-axises. e2 c a2 b e1 c a2 a2 a1 a1 b
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Proceedings e report 90
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ECOS 2012 : the 25 th International
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Advisory Committee (Track Organizer
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The 25 th ECOS Conference 1987-2012
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VOLUME VI CONTENT VI. 1 CARBON CAPT
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-----------------------------------
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» Personal transportation energy c
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» Excess enthalpies of second gene
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VOLUME IV IV . 1 - FLUID DYNAMICS A
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» Exergy analysis and genetic algo
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» Optimal lighting control strateg
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» Stability and limit cycles in an
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PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012 - THE 25 T
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Fig. 2. The exergy destruction of M
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ineffectiveness of the catalyst, in
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[ P EXmth EX SNG] ESR F where EXm
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Fuel inputkW 728221 203771 237719 3
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Not only at desined Rc (the ratio o
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4. DISCUSSION The graphic exergy an
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Figure 9(a) illustrates the energy
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Engineering Technical Conferences &
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generally there are four kinds of m
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However, even under the off-design
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Fig. 3. 600MW supercritical coal-fi
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CO2 rich loading(molCO2/molMEA) 0.4
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Net efficiency (%) 40.28 30.29 26.4
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Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of heat
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28.67%. In addition, through heat i
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Applied Thermal Engineering 2010;30
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Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
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Fig. 1. Solution diagram of „four
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K ~ K 1 eK 1a p K 1a iK mK
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Oxygen recovery rate, % 105 95 85 7
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Calculated optimal compressor press
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The net amount of the flue gas leav
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Figure 3. Idea for lignite drying b
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Energy efficiency, % 34,00 33,00 32
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points efficiency increase related
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Figure A1b. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A3a. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A4. Thermoflex flow sheet of
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2.1. Life Cycle Assessment 2.1.1. G
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these factors. A sensitivity analys
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methane slip contributes to 13% of
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As can be seen in Fig. 5 the impact
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References [1] Eurobserv’er, The
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in which CO2 is separated from H2,
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dimensions of water droplets and wa
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Temperature (°C) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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4. Conclusions In the present paper
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penalty, but without separate captu
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0.5 - 0.7 kg/kg, resulting typicall
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3.3 - Utilising waste heat All exis
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4.5 - Suomusjärvi olivine deposits
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material will change from a few % t
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Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the PFB
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8. Combined SO2 capture and CO2 min
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Fig. 10 Carbonate- (left) and sulph
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[13] Ekdahl, E., Idman, H. Statemen
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HEAT Fig. 1. Scheme and main reacti
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(raw) materials pre-heating and AS
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Fig 3- Aspen Plus® model 110
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Table 4. Elemental and XRD analysis
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the ÅA CSM route. The content of M
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moisture - 0,2237 ash - 0,0876 LHV
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2.2 CFB plant For the current momen
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The CO2 emission factor which indic
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The CO2 emission factor calculated
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Appendix A Fig A.1. Simulation mode
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(b) Fig. A.2. Simulation model of C
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Table A.1. Calculated parameters at
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References [1] Pfaff I., Oexmann J.
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with a CC installation could be avo
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2.3. Basic CHP plant indices. The b
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3. Off-design calculations The main
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Fig. 6. CHP plant efficiency Fig. 7
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amount of steam delivered to the he
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[5] Lukowicz H., Mroncz M.: Analysi
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water removal is feasible by coolin
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Figure 2. Sketch of the suggested P
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a b Figure 5. a) Exergy balance of
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The basis of comparison of each met
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Figure 7a. Impact of S/CATR on PCU
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However, more energy duty is requir
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3.1. JACOBIAN-ASPEN Interface ASPEN
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Fig. 3. Triple Pressure Bottoming S
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As seen from Table 1, the mass flow
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4. Conclusion Fig. 5. Partial Emiss
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[19] Yantovski E., Shokotov M., Sho
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investigation and the developing of
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University of L’Aquila and German
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hydrogen combustion technology at d
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eversibility of a pre-treated synth
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Fig. 1. TG curves collected for spe
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(see Fig 5). Carbon dioxide uptake
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period is reduced to the first 15 c
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CO2 capture capacity up to 150 th c
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the way for biogas utilisation is t
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projectand is described in the foll
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4. Pilot plant tests In order to de
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Concerning the absorption reaction,
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with Regeneration (AwR), consists i
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[25] Aspen Plus 2004.1. Cambridge,
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systems for fuel drying waste strea
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heated in a heat exchanger placed i
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Fig. 2. Lower heating value of fuel
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Acknowledgements The results presen
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large amount of CO2 [1,5-7]. APCr a
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N 1 i ( x x i n 1 m ) 2.3. Carbon
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DTA analysis of the untreated APCrs
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Table 4. Relative Error (%) of the
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CaO HCl CaCl H O 193kJ / mol (
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[1] M. Fernández Bertos, S.J.R. Si
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2. Process development 2.1. Backgro
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to dissolve the chloride salts prec
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The remaining 25% (5 ml/min) of the
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Table 6. Experimental conversions o
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Page 257 and 258: Calculating from the Aspen Plus mod
Page 259 and 260: [11] Mattila, H.-P., Experimental s
Page 261 and 262: Mg2SiO4(s) + 2CO2(g) →2MgCO3(s) +
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Page 265 and 266: Figure 2. Effect of Mg/Fe ratio of
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Page 269 and 270: Figure 5. Process flow diagram of M
Page 271 and 272: 2. Only cold utility is needed belo
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Page 275 and 276: Table A2. Extraction equations and
Page 277 and 278: [13] Teir S, Kuusik R, Fogelholm CJ
Page 279 and 280: In the area of coal technologies al
Page 281 and 282: Tabel 1. Characteristics quantities
Page 283 and 284: N m eT 4a ~ T cp T4a 1 ( K
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Page 287 and 288: [8] Buhre B.J.P., Elliott L.K., She
Page 289 and 290: 1.1 - Cement Manufacturing The ceme
Page 291 and 292: 2. Numerical model The purpose of t
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Page 295 and 296: Table 4 - Results of the optimizati
Page 297 and 298: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012 - THE 25 T
Page 299 and 300: 1. Define the studied system (in th
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Page 303 and 304: limiting factor for the maximum siz
Page 305: Table 5. Key data for the four ener
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Page 313 and 314: [17] Berglin N, Andersson L. Proces
Page 315 and 316: Therefore NL Agency (an agency of t
Page 317 and 318: 2.2.2. Pinch analysis Pinch analysi
Page 319 and 320: 3. Case study 3.1. Plant and proces
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Page 323 and 324: Application of the approach led to
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Page 327 and 328: e equal at both time intervals and
Page 329 and 330: 2.5. Selecting the number of TSs Se
Page 331 and 332: A) Time Slices for solar thermal en
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Page 335 and 336: cTSs demand TS solar TSs 0 2 4 6 8
Page 337 and 338: In the presented paper a framework
Page 339 and 340: [5] Erdil E, Ilkan M, Egelioglu F.
Page 341 and 342: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012 - THE 25 T
Page 343 and 344: district energy network simulation
Page 345 and 346: were decreased by 10°C.All scenari
Page 347 and 348: Site 3 Heat sources Heat load Site
Page 349 and 350: 3.2.2. Input data and assumptions A
Page 351 and 352: Fig.7 shows the operation forecast
Page 353 and 354: [13] TERMIS Operation User Guide, 7
Page 355 and 356: Polygeneration is a term used to de
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The increase in energy utilization
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are available for an entire year, 8
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6. Extensions to core methodology 6
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thermal storage and possible suppor
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laterites. Ore Geology Reviews, v.
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gasification [15], hybrid biomass g
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the second reactor. In this unit, s
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The variables effect was evaluated
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atio, as well as the shift-syngas f
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Fig. 4. Effect of operating tempera
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SDG has slight effect on the syngas
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[26.] Castle WF. Air separation and
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1. Introduction - Firenze University Press

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