1. Introduction - Firenze University Press

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Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, for funding the research reported in this article through the Center for Clean Water and Energy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and KFUPM under project R2- CE-08. References [1] I.E.A., CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, IEA Statistics, 2011. [2] Steenveldt R., Berger B, Torp T., CO2 capture and storage: closing the knowing-doing gap. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 2006;84(9):739-63. [3] Wall TF., Combustion processes for carbon capture. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 2007;31(1):31-47. [4] Pfaff I., Kather A., Comparative thermodynamic analysis and integration issues of CCS steam power plants based on oxy-combustion with cryogenic or membrane based air separation. Energy Procedia 2009;1(1):495e502. [5] Gellings PJ., Bouwmeester HM., The CRC handbook of solid state electrochemistry. CRC Press; 1997. Ch. 14, pp. 16-30. [6] Sundhvist S., Julsrud S., Viegeland B., Naas T., Budd M., Winkler D., Development and testing of AZEP reactor components. In proceedings of International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2007,1,180 -187. [7] Mancini ND., Mitsos A., Ion transport membrane reactors for oxy-combustion-Part I: intermediate fidelity modeling. Energy 2011;36(8):4701-20 [8] Mancini ND., Mitsos A., Ion transport membrane reactors for oxy-combustion-Part II: analysis and comparison of alternatives. Energy 2011;36(8):4721-39 [9] Numerica Technology, JACOBIAN Modeling and Optimization Software – Available at: [accessed 8.01.2009]. [10] Mancini ND, Mitsos A., Conceptual design and analysis of ITM oxy-combustion power cycles. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 21351-21361 [11] P. P. Walsh, P. Fletcher, Gas turbine performance, Blackwell Science, Malden Mass., 2004 [12] Colombo, K.E., Bolland, O., Kharton, V.V., Stiller, C., Simulation of an oxygen membrane based combined cycle power plant: Part-load operation with operational and material constraints, Energy and Environmental Science 2009, 2 (12), pp. 1310-1324. [13] Kvamsdal H., Jordal K., Bolland O., A quantitative comparison of gas turbine cycles with CO2 capture Energy, 2007, 32, 10–24. [14] Liu S., Gavalas GR., Membr J., Oxygen selective ceramic hollow fiber membrane. Journal of Menbrane Science., 2005, 246, 103–108. [15] Anantharaman R., Bolland O., Asen K., Novel cycles for power generation with CO2 capture using OMCM technology. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1, 335-342. [16] Yantovski E., Gorski J., Smyth B., J. Elshof., Zero-emission fuel-fired power plants with ion transport membrane. Energy, 2004, 29, 2077-2088. [17] Fiaschi D., Gamberi F., Bartlett M., Griffin T., The air membrane -ATR integrated gas turbine power cycle: A method for producing electricity with low CO2 emissions. Energy Conversation and Management, 2005, 46, 2514-2529. [18] Pfaff I and Kathe A., Comparative thermodynamic analysis and integration issues of CCS steam power plants based on oxy-combustion with cryogenic or membrane based air separation. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1, 495–502. 167
[19] Yantovski E., Shokotov M., Shokotov V., McGovern J., Kirsten Foy., Elaboration of Zero Emissions Membrane Piston Engine System (ZEMPES) for Propane Fuelling. Proceedings of Fourth Annual Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration DOE/NETL; 2005, May 2-5. [20] Walker ME., Abbasian J., Chmielewski DJ., Castaldi MJ., Dry Gasification Oxy-combustion Power cycle. Energy Fuels 2011, 25, 2258-2266. [21] Dillon DJ., Panesar RS., Wall RA., Allam RJ., WhiteV., Gibbins J., Haines MR., Oxycombustion processes for CO2 capture from advanced supercritical PF and NGCC plant. Proceedings of seventh conference on greenhouse gas control technologies (CHGT-7), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2004 [22] Lozza G., Romano M., Giuffrida A., Thermodynamic Performance of IGCC with Oxy- Combustion CO2 capture. In proceedings of First International Conference on Sustainable Fossil Fuels for Future Energy - S4FE 2009. [23] Gou C., Cai R., Hong Hui., A novel hybrid oxy-fuel power cycle utilizing solar thermal energy. Energy 32 (2007) 1707-1714 [24] Tan. X., Wang Z., Meng B., Meng X., Li K., Pilot-scale production of oxygen from air using perovskite hollow fiber membranes. J. Membr. Sci., 2010, 352, 189-196 [25] Bertsekas DP., Nonlinear Programming. Athena Scientific; 1999. [26] Petrakopoulou F., Tsatsaronis G., Morosuk T., Exergoeconomic Analysis of an Advanced Zero Emission Plant. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power , 2011, 133, 113001- 12 168
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Proceedings e report 90
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ECOS 2012 : the 25 th International
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Advisory Committee (Track Organizer
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The 25 th ECOS Conference 1987-2012
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VOLUME VI CONTENT VI. 1 CARBON CAPT
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-----------------------------------
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» Personal transportation energy c
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» Excess enthalpies of second gene
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VOLUME IV IV . 1 - FLUID DYNAMICS A
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» Exergy analysis and genetic algo
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» Optimal lighting control strateg
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» Stability and limit cycles in an
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PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012 - THE 25 T
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Fig. 2. The exergy destruction of M
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ineffectiveness of the catalyst, in
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[ P EXmth EX SNG] ESR F where EXm
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Fuel inputkW 728221 203771 237719 3
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Not only at desined Rc (the ratio o
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4. DISCUSSION The graphic exergy an
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Figure 9(a) illustrates the energy
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Engineering Technical Conferences &
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generally there are four kinds of m
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However, even under the off-design
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Fig. 3. 600MW supercritical coal-fi
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CO2 rich loading(molCO2/molMEA) 0.4
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Net efficiency (%) 40.28 30.29 26.4
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Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of heat
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28.67%. In addition, through heat i
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Applied Thermal Engineering 2010;30
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Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
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Fig. 1. Solution diagram of „four
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K ~ K 1 eK 1a p K 1a iK mK
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Oxygen recovery rate, % 105 95 85 7
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Calculated optimal compressor press
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The net amount of the flue gas leav
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Figure 3. Idea for lignite drying b
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Energy efficiency, % 34,00 33,00 32
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points efficiency increase related
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Figure A1b. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A3a. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A4. Thermoflex flow sheet of
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2.1. Life Cycle Assessment 2.1.1. G
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these factors. A sensitivity analys
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methane slip contributes to 13% of
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As can be seen in Fig. 5 the impact
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References [1] Eurobserv’er, The
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in which CO2 is separated from H2,
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dimensions of water droplets and wa
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Temperature (°C) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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4. Conclusions In the present paper
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penalty, but without separate captu
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0.5 - 0.7 kg/kg, resulting typicall
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3.3 - Utilising waste heat All exis
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4.5 - Suomusjärvi olivine deposits
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material will change from a few % t
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Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the PFB
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8. Combined SO2 capture and CO2 min
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Fig. 10 Carbonate- (left) and sulph
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[13] Ekdahl, E., Idman, H. Statemen
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HEAT Fig. 1. Scheme and main reacti
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(raw) materials pre-heating and AS
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Fig 3- Aspen Plus® model 110
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Table 4. Elemental and XRD analysis
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the ÅA CSM route. The content of M
Page 143 and 144: Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
Page 145 and 146: moisture - 0,2237 ash - 0,0876 LHV
Page 147 and 148: 2.2 CFB plant For the current momen
Page 149 and 150: The CO2 emission factor which indic
Page 151 and 152: The CO2 emission factor calculated
Page 153 and 154: Appendix A Fig A.1. Simulation mode
Page 155 and 156: (b) Fig. A.2. Simulation model of C
Page 157 and 158: Table A.1. Calculated parameters at
Page 159 and 160: References [1] Pfaff I., Oexmann J.
Page 161 and 162: with a CC installation could be avo
Page 163 and 164: 2.3. Basic CHP plant indices. The b
Page 165 and 166: 3. Off-design calculations The main
Page 167 and 168: Fig. 6. CHP plant efficiency Fig. 7
Page 169 and 170: amount of steam delivered to the he
Page 171 and 172: [5] Lukowicz H., Mroncz M.: Analysi
Page 173 and 174: water removal is feasible by coolin
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Sketch of the suggested P
Page 177 and 178: a b Figure 5. a) Exergy balance of
Page 179 and 180: The basis of comparison of each met
Page 181 and 182: Figure 7a. Impact of S/CATR on PCU
Page 183 and 184: However, more energy duty is requir
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Page 187 and 188: 3.1. JACOBIAN-ASPEN Interface ASPEN
Page 189 and 190: Fig. 3. Triple Pressure Bottoming S
Page 191 and 192: As seen from Table 1, the mass flow
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Page 197 and 198: investigation and the developing of
Page 199 and 200: University of L’Aquila and German
Page 201 and 202: hydrogen combustion technology at d
Page 203 and 204: eversibility of a pre-treated synth
Page 205 and 206: Fig. 1. TG curves collected for spe
Page 207 and 208: (see Fig 5). Carbon dioxide uptake
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Page 211 and 212: CO2 capture capacity up to 150 th c
Page 213 and 214: the way for biogas utilisation is t
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Page 217 and 218: 4. Pilot plant tests In order to de
Page 219 and 220: Concerning the absorption reaction,
Page 221 and 222: with Regeneration (AwR), consists i
Page 223 and 224: [25] Aspen Plus 2004.1. Cambridge,
Page 225 and 226: systems for fuel drying waste strea
Page 227 and 228: heated in a heat exchanger placed i
Page 229 and 230: Fig. 2. Lower heating value of fuel
Page 231 and 232: Acknowledgements The results presen
Page 233 and 234: large amount of CO2 [1,5-7]. APCr a
Page 235 and 236: N 1 i ( x x i n 1 m ) 2.3. Carbon
Page 237 and 238: DTA analysis of the untreated APCrs
Page 239 and 240: Table 4. Relative Error (%) of the
Page 241 and 242: CaO HCl CaCl H O 193kJ / mol (
Page 243 and 244: [1] M. Fernández Bertos, S.J.R. Si
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2. Process development 2.1. Backgro
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to dissolve the chloride salts prec
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The remaining 25% (5 ml/min) of the
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Table 6. Experimental conversions o
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p p 1 1. 5 p H 1 1. 5 2O p mi
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Calculating from the Aspen Plus mod
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[11] Mattila, H.-P., Experimental s
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Mg2SiO4(s) + 2CO2(g) →2MgCO3(s) +
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(Mg/Fe) of the mineral rock, Mg-sil
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Figure 2. Effect of Mg/Fe ratio of
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Figure 4 shows that an increase in
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Figure 5. Process flow diagram of M
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2. Only cold utility is needed belo
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extraction process at 400 °C (~ 62
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Table A2. Extraction equations and
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[13] Teir S, Kuusik R, Fogelholm CJ
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In the area of coal technologies al
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Tabel 1. Characteristics quantities
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N m eT 4a ~ T cp T4a 1 ( K
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Auxiliary power rate of ASU, % 40 4
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[8] Buhre B.J.P., Elliott L.K., She
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1.1 - Cement Manufacturing The ceme
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2. Numerical model The purpose of t
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-0.309x15.77x2 2.085x3 240x4 12.53x
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Table 4 - Results of the optimizati
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1. Define the studied system (in th
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cycle) or a lignin extraction plant
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limiting factor for the maximum siz
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Table 5. Key data for the four ener
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Global CO 2 emissions [ktonnes/yr]
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for biofuels and the investment cos
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The possibility to capture CO2 from
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[17] Berglin N, Andersson L. Proces
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Therefore NL Agency (an agency of t
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2.2.2. Pinch analysis Pinch analysi
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3. Case study 3.1. Plant and proces
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Te 1000 mp era 900 tur 800 e [°C 7
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Application of the approach led to
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The advantage of dynamic models is
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e equal at both time intervals and
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2.5. Selecting the number of TSs Se
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A) Time Slices for solar thermal en
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The first step of procedure is to p
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cTSs demand TS solar TSs 0 2 4 6 8
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In the presented paper a framework
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[5] Erdil E, Ilkan M, Egelioglu F.
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district energy network simulation
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were decreased by 10°C.All scenari
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Site 3 Heat sources Heat load Site
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3.2.2. Input data and assumptions A
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Fig.7 shows the operation forecast
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[13] TERMIS Operation User Guide, 7
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Polygeneration is a term used to de
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The increase in energy utilization
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are available for an entire year, 8
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6. Extensions to core methodology 6
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thermal storage and possible suppor
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laterites. Ore Geology Reviews, v.
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gasification [15], hybrid biomass g
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the second reactor. In this unit, s
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The variables effect was evaluated
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atio, as well as the shift-syngas f
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Fig. 4. Effect of operating tempera
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SDG has slight effect on the syngas
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[26.] Castle WF. Air separation and
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1. Introduction - Firenze University Press

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