1. Introduction - Firenze University Press

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[12] Van GervenT.,VanKeer, ArickxS.,Jaspers M., Wauters G., Vandecasteele C. (2005).Carbonation of MSWI-bottom ash to decrease heavy metal leaching, in view of recycling. Waste Management, 25, 291–300 [13] Costa G., Baciocchi R., Polettini A., Pomi R., Hills C.D., Carey P.J. (2007). Current status and perspectives of accelerated carbonation processes on municipal waste combustion residues, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 135:55-75. [14] Baciocchi R., Costa G., Polettini A., Pomi R. (2008). An insight into the effect of accelerated carbonation on metal release from incinerator ash. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Accelerated Carbonation for Environmental and Materials Engineering, Rome 1-3 October 2008. [15] Baciocchi R. Corti A., Costa G., Lombardi L., Zingaretti D. (2010). Storage of carbon dioxide captured in a pilot-scale biogas upgrading plant by accelerated carbonation of industrial residues. International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT-10). 19th-23rd September 2010, RAI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Energy Procedia (2011) 4: 4985–4992. [16] Baciocchi R., Costa G., Lombardi L., Verginelli I., Zingaretti D. (2010). Storage of carbon dioxide captured in a pilot-scale biogas upgrading plant by accelerated carbonation of industrial residues. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Accelerated Carbonation for Environmental and Material Engineering. ACEME10. Turku, Finland, Nov. 29 – Dec. 1 2010. ISBN 978-952-12-2505-5 - ISBN 978-952-12-2506-2 (pdf version). [17] Baciocchi R. Costa G., Lombardi L., Zingaretti D. (2010). Storage of carbon dioxide captured in a pilot-scale biogas upgrading plant by accelerated carbonation of industrial residues. In Proceedings of Venice 2010, Third International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste. Venice, Italy; 8-11 November 2010. CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre, Italy. ISBN 978-88-6265-008-3. [18] Lombardi L., Carnevale E., Corti A., Olivieri T.. Biogas up-grading through carbon dioxide absorption with alkali solution. In Proceedings of Sardinia 2011 Thirteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium 3 - 7 October 2011 S. Margherita di Pula (Cagliari), Sardinia, Italy. ISBN 978-88-6265-000-7. [19] Baciocchi R., Costa G., Gavasci R., Lombardi L., Zingaretti D.. Regeneration of a spent alkaline solution from a biogas upgrading unit by carbonation of APC residues. ChemicalEngineering Journal; 179:63– 71. [20] Baciocchi R., Costa G., Faraoni G., Lombardi L., Olivieri T., Zingaretti D.. Pilot-scale carbonation of APC residues for CO2 storage and alkali regeneration downstream an absorption column for biogas upgrading. In Proceedings of Sardinia 2011 Thirteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium 3 - 7 October 2011 S. Margherita di Pula (Cagliari), Sardinia, Italy. ISBN 978-88-6265-000-7. [21] Lombardi L. and Corti A. (2009). Carbon Dioxide Capture: Technical Review and Proposal of an Alternative Absorption Process. In: Theodore B.N. (ed.), Flue Gases – Research, Technology and Economics, Chapter 8, Nova Science Publishers (ISBN 978-1-60692-449-5). [22] Lombardi L., Corti A. Carnevale E., (2008). Carbon Dioxide Capture from Landfill Gas. In Proceedings of Second International Conference on Accelerated Carbonation for Environmental and Materials Engineering. Rome (Italy) 1-3 October 2008 (pp. 17-26). [23] Lombardi L., Carnevale E., Corti A. (2008). Landfill gas quality up-grading through carbon dioxide capture: environmental and economic evaluations. In Proceedings of 16th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition. Valencia (SP) 2-6 June 2008. [24] Lombardi L. Corti A. Carnevale E. Baciocchi R. Zingaretti D. (2010). Carbon dioxide removal and capture for lanfill gas up-grading. International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT-10). 19th-23rd September 2010, RAI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Energy Procedia (2011) 4:465–472. 195
[25] Aspen Plus 2004.1. Cambridge, MA, USA: Aspen Technology Inc.; 2005 [26] Lombardi L, Carnevale E, Carpentieri M, Corti A (2007). Carbon dioxide capture from landfill gas. In Proceedings of ISWA/NRVD World Congress 2007, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 24-27 September, 2007. [27] Starr K., GabarrellDurany X., Villalba Mendez G., TalensPeiró L., Lombardi L.. Life cycle assessment of biogas upgrading technologies. Waste Management (2012), doi:10.1016/ j.wasman.2011.12.016 [28] Starr K., GabarrellDurany X., Villalba Mendez G., TalensPeiró L., Lombardi L.. CO2 balance of biogas upgrading technologies. In Proceedings of Sardinia 2011 Thirteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium 3 - 7 October 2011 S. Margherita di Pula (Cagliari), Sardinia, Italy. ISBN 978-88-6265-000-7 [29] Starr K., GabarrellDurany X., Villalba Mendez G., TalensPeiro L., Lombardi L., Biogas Upgrading: Environmental Comparison of Conventional and Innovative Technologies. Submitted to ECOS 2012. 196
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Proceedings e report 90
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ECOS 2012 : the 25 th International
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Advisory Committee (Track Organizer
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The 25 th ECOS Conference 1987-2012
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VOLUME VI CONTENT VI. 1 CARBON CAPT
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-----------------------------------
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» Personal transportation energy c
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» Excess enthalpies of second gene
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VOLUME IV IV . 1 - FLUID DYNAMICS A
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» Exergy analysis and genetic algo
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» Optimal lighting control strateg
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» Stability and limit cycles in an
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PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012 - THE 25 T
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Fig. 2. The exergy destruction of M
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ineffectiveness of the catalyst, in
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[ P EXmth EX SNG] ESR F where EXm
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Fuel inputkW 728221 203771 237719 3
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Not only at desined Rc (the ratio o
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4. DISCUSSION The graphic exergy an
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Figure 9(a) illustrates the energy
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Engineering Technical Conferences &
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generally there are four kinds of m
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However, even under the off-design
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Fig. 3. 600MW supercritical coal-fi
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CO2 rich loading(molCO2/molMEA) 0.4
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Net efficiency (%) 40.28 30.29 26.4
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Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of heat
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28.67%. In addition, through heat i
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Applied Thermal Engineering 2010;30
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Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
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Fig. 1. Solution diagram of „four
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K ~ K 1 eK 1a p K 1a iK mK
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Oxygen recovery rate, % 105 95 85 7
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Calculated optimal compressor press
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The net amount of the flue gas leav
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Figure 3. Idea for lignite drying b
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Energy efficiency, % 34,00 33,00 32
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points efficiency increase related
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Figure A1b. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A3a. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A4. Thermoflex flow sheet of
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2.1. Life Cycle Assessment 2.1.1. G
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these factors. A sensitivity analys
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methane slip contributes to 13% of
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As can be seen in Fig. 5 the impact
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References [1] Eurobserv’er, The
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in which CO2 is separated from H2,
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dimensions of water droplets and wa
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Temperature (°C) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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4. Conclusions In the present paper
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penalty, but without separate captu
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0.5 - 0.7 kg/kg, resulting typicall
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3.3 - Utilising waste heat All exis
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4.5 - Suomusjärvi olivine deposits
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material will change from a few % t
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Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the PFB
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8. Combined SO2 capture and CO2 min
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Fig. 10 Carbonate- (left) and sulph
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[13] Ekdahl, E., Idman, H. Statemen
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HEAT Fig. 1. Scheme and main reacti
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(raw) materials pre-heating and AS
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Fig 3- Aspen Plus® model 110
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Table 4. Elemental and XRD analysis
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the ÅA CSM route. The content of M
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moisture - 0,2237 ash - 0,0876 LHV
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2.2 CFB plant For the current momen
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The CO2 emission factor which indic
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The CO2 emission factor calculated
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Appendix A Fig A.1. Simulation mode
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(b) Fig. A.2. Simulation model of C
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Table A.1. Calculated parameters at
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References [1] Pfaff I., Oexmann J.
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with a CC installation could be avo
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2.3. Basic CHP plant indices. The b
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3. Off-design calculations The main
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Fig. 6. CHP plant efficiency Fig. 7
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amount of steam delivered to the he
Page 171 and 172: [5] Lukowicz H., Mroncz M.: Analysi
Page 173 and 174: water removal is feasible by coolin
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Sketch of the suggested P
Page 177 and 178: a b Figure 5. a) Exergy balance of
Page 179 and 180: The basis of comparison of each met
Page 181 and 182: Figure 7a. Impact of S/CATR on PCU
Page 183 and 184: However, more energy duty is requir
Page 185 and 186: Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
Page 187 and 188: 3.1. JACOBIAN-ASPEN Interface ASPEN
Page 189 and 190: Fig. 3. Triple Pressure Bottoming S
Page 191 and 192: As seen from Table 1, the mass flow
Page 193 and 194: 4. Conclusion Fig. 5. Partial Emiss
Page 195 and 196: [19] Yantovski E., Shokotov M., Sho
Page 197 and 198: investigation and the developing of
Page 199 and 200: University of L’Aquila and German
Page 201 and 202: hydrogen combustion technology at d
Page 203 and 204: eversibility of a pre-treated synth
Page 205 and 206: Fig. 1. TG curves collected for spe
Page 207 and 208: (see Fig 5). Carbon dioxide uptake
Page 209 and 210: period is reduced to the first 15 c
Page 211 and 212: CO2 capture capacity up to 150 th c
Page 213 and 214: the way for biogas utilisation is t
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Page 217 and 218: 4. Pilot plant tests In order to de
Page 219 and 220: Concerning the absorption reaction,
Page 221: with Regeneration (AwR), consists i
Page 225 and 226: systems for fuel drying waste strea
Page 227 and 228: heated in a heat exchanger placed i
Page 229 and 230: Fig. 2. Lower heating value of fuel
Page 231 and 232: Acknowledgements The results presen
Page 233 and 234: large amount of CO2 [1,5-7]. APCr a
Page 235 and 236: N 1 i ( x x i n 1 m ) 2.3. Carbon
Page 237 and 238: DTA analysis of the untreated APCrs
Page 239 and 240: Table 4. Relative Error (%) of the
Page 241 and 242: CaO HCl CaCl H O 193kJ / mol (
Page 243 and 244: [1] M. Fernández Bertos, S.J.R. Si
Page 245 and 246: Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
Page 247 and 248: 2. Process development 2.1. Backgro
Page 249 and 250: to dissolve the chloride salts prec
Page 251 and 252: The remaining 25% (5 ml/min) of the
Page 253 and 254: Table 6. Experimental conversions o
Page 255 and 256: p p 1 1. 5 p H 1 1. 5 2O p mi
Page 257 and 258: Calculating from the Aspen Plus mod
Page 259 and 260: [11] Mattila, H.-P., Experimental s
Page 261 and 262: Mg2SiO4(s) + 2CO2(g) →2MgCO3(s) +
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Page 265 and 266: Figure 2. Effect of Mg/Fe ratio of
Page 267 and 268: Figure 4 shows that an increase in
Page 269 and 270: Figure 5. Process flow diagram of M
Page 271 and 272: 2. Only cold utility is needed belo
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extraction process at 400 °C (~ 62
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Table A2. Extraction equations and
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[13] Teir S, Kuusik R, Fogelholm CJ
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In the area of coal technologies al
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Tabel 1. Characteristics quantities
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N m eT 4a ~ T cp T4a 1 ( K
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Auxiliary power rate of ASU, % 40 4
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[8] Buhre B.J.P., Elliott L.K., She
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1.1 - Cement Manufacturing The ceme
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2. Numerical model The purpose of t
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-0.309x15.77x2 2.085x3 240x4 12.53x
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Table 4 - Results of the optimizati
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1. Define the studied system (in th
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cycle) or a lignin extraction plant
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limiting factor for the maximum siz
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Table 5. Key data for the four ener
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Global CO 2 emissions [ktonnes/yr]
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for biofuels and the investment cos
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The possibility to capture CO2 from
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[17] Berglin N, Andersson L. Proces
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Therefore NL Agency (an agency of t
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2.2.2. Pinch analysis Pinch analysi
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3. Case study 3.1. Plant and proces
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Te 1000 mp era 900 tur 800 e [°C 7
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Application of the approach led to
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The advantage of dynamic models is
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e equal at both time intervals and
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2.5. Selecting the number of TSs Se
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A) Time Slices for solar thermal en
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The first step of procedure is to p
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cTSs demand TS solar TSs 0 2 4 6 8
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In the presented paper a framework
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[5] Erdil E, Ilkan M, Egelioglu F.
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district energy network simulation
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were decreased by 10°C.All scenari
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Site 3 Heat sources Heat load Site
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3.2.2. Input data and assumptions A
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Fig.7 shows the operation forecast
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[13] TERMIS Operation User Guide, 7
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Polygeneration is a term used to de
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The increase in energy utilization
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are available for an entire year, 8
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6. Extensions to core methodology 6
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thermal storage and possible suppor
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laterites. Ore Geology Reviews, v.
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gasification [15], hybrid biomass g
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the second reactor. In this unit, s
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The variables effect was evaluated
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atio, as well as the shift-syngas f
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Fig. 4. Effect of operating tempera
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SDG has slight effect on the syngas
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[26.] Castle WF. Air separation and
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