1. Introduction - Firenze University Press

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Figure 6a. Impact of CCE on PCU Figure 6b. Effect of CCR on the power plant performance for the two purification methods. for the two purification methods. For low CCE the flash separation method has positive effect on energy balance as the PCU produces electrical power instead of consuming (Figure 6a). This is owed to the expansion of the CO2-rich stream. However, the combustibles are not recovered as effectively as in the case of the distillation column method and therefore the latter is exergetically more efficient. As the CCE approaches 100%, energy duties for both methods tend to be equal and the divergence of the corresponding exergy efficiency increases. The effect of CCR on the overall plant efficiency and the corresponding SPECCA (Figure 6b) is the same for both combustibles separation options (especially for CCR
Figure 7a. Impact of S/CATR on PCU Figure 7b. Effect of S/CATR on the power performance for the two purification plant for the two purification methods. methods (CCE=90%). 3.2.3 Effect of Hydrogen Recovery Factor (HRF) of the WGS-MR This parameter refers to the ability of the reactor to make hydrogen available at the opposite side (permeate side), where the H2-rich fuel is produced. Recent developments at Pd-alloys membranes combined with WGS catalysts showed that hydrogen recovery is achievable at rates greater than 90% [14] and in some cases even close to 100% [11]. Hydrogen recovery factor strongly affects membranes cost as the higher the hydrogen recovery the larger membrane area required [15]. Figure 8a. Impact of HRF on PCU Figure 8b. Effect of HRF on the power plant performance for the two purification methods for the two purification methods. (CCE=90%). Figure 8b shows that cryogenic methods may be beneficial for membranes with low HRF (>90%) as the variation of this parameter does not affect the total efficiency, unlike the oxy combustion option. Membranes with high HRF favor the application of oxy combustor instead of combustibles recovery. 154
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Proceedings e report 90
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ECOS 2012 : the 25 th International
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Advisory Committee (Track Organizer
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The 25 th ECOS Conference 1987-2012
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VOLUME VI CONTENT VI. 1 CARBON CAPT
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-----------------------------------
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» Personal transportation energy c
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» Excess enthalpies of second gene
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VOLUME IV IV . 1 - FLUID DYNAMICS A
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» Exergy analysis and genetic algo
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» Optimal lighting control strateg
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» Stability and limit cycles in an
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PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012 - THE 25 T
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Fig. 2. The exergy destruction of M
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ineffectiveness of the catalyst, in
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[ P EXmth EX SNG] ESR F where EXm
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Fuel inputkW 728221 203771 237719 3
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Not only at desined Rc (the ratio o
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4. DISCUSSION The graphic exergy an
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Figure 9(a) illustrates the energy
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Engineering Technical Conferences &
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generally there are four kinds of m
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However, even under the off-design
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Fig. 3. 600MW supercritical coal-fi
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CO2 rich loading(molCO2/molMEA) 0.4
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Net efficiency (%) 40.28 30.29 26.4
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Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of heat
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28.67%. In addition, through heat i
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Applied Thermal Engineering 2010;30
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Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
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Fig. 1. Solution diagram of „four
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K ~ K 1 eK 1a p K 1a iK mK
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Oxygen recovery rate, % 105 95 85 7
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Calculated optimal compressor press
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The net amount of the flue gas leav
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Figure 3. Idea for lignite drying b
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Energy efficiency, % 34,00 33,00 32
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points efficiency increase related
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Figure A1b. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A3a. Thermoflex flow sheet o
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Figure A4. Thermoflex flow sheet of
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2.1. Life Cycle Assessment 2.1.1. G
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these factors. A sensitivity analys
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methane slip contributes to 13% of
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As can be seen in Fig. 5 the impact
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References [1] Eurobserv’er, The
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in which CO2 is separated from H2,
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dimensions of water droplets and wa
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Temperature (°C) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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4. Conclusions In the present paper
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penalty, but without separate captu
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0.5 - 0.7 kg/kg, resulting typicall
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3.3 - Utilising waste heat All exis
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4.5 - Suomusjärvi olivine deposits
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material will change from a few % t
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Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the PFB
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8. Combined SO2 capture and CO2 min
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Fig. 10 Carbonate- (left) and sulph
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[13] Ekdahl, E., Idman, H. Statemen
Page 130 and 131: Abstract: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2012
Page 132 and 133: HEAT Fig. 1. Scheme and main reacti
Page 134: (raw) materials pre-heating and AS
Page 137 and 138: Fig 3- Aspen Plus® model 110
Page 139 and 140: Table 4. Elemental and XRD analysis
Page 141 and 142: the ÅA CSM route. The content of M
Page 145 and 146: moisture - 0,2237 ash - 0,0876 LHV
Page 147 and 148: 2.2 CFB plant For the current momen
Page 149 and 150: The CO2 emission factor which indic
Page 151 and 152: The CO2 emission factor calculated
Page 153 and 154: Appendix A Fig A.1. Simulation mode
Page 155 and 156: (b) Fig. A.2. Simulation model of C
Page 157 and 158: Table A.1. Calculated parameters at
Page 159 and 160: References [1] Pfaff I., Oexmann J.
Page 161 and 162: with a CC installation could be avo
Page 163 and 164: 2.3. Basic CHP plant indices. The b
Page 165 and 166: 3. Off-design calculations The main
Page 167 and 168: Fig. 6. CHP plant efficiency Fig. 7
Page 169 and 170: amount of steam delivered to the he
Page 171 and 172: [5] Lukowicz H., Mroncz M.: Analysi
Page 173 and 174: water removal is feasible by coolin
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Sketch of the suggested P
Page 177 and 178: a b Figure 5. a) Exergy balance of
Page 179: The basis of comparison of each met
Page 183 and 184: However, more energy duty is requir
Page 187 and 188: 3.1. JACOBIAN-ASPEN Interface ASPEN
Page 189 and 190: Fig. 3. Triple Pressure Bottoming S
Page 191 and 192: As seen from Table 1, the mass flow
Page 193 and 194: 4. Conclusion Fig. 5. Partial Emiss
Page 195 and 196: [19] Yantovski E., Shokotov M., Sho
Page 197 and 198: investigation and the developing of
Page 199 and 200: University of L’Aquila and German
Page 201 and 202: hydrogen combustion technology at d
Page 203 and 204: eversibility of a pre-treated synth
Page 205 and 206: Fig. 1. TG curves collected for spe
Page 207 and 208: (see Fig 5). Carbon dioxide uptake
Page 209 and 210: period is reduced to the first 15 c
Page 211 and 212: CO2 capture capacity up to 150 th c
Page 213 and 214: the way for biogas utilisation is t
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Page 217 and 218: 4. Pilot plant tests In order to de
Page 219 and 220: Concerning the absorption reaction,
Page 221 and 222: with Regeneration (AwR), consists i
Page 223 and 224: [25] Aspen Plus 2004.1. Cambridge,
Page 225 and 226: systems for fuel drying waste strea
Page 227 and 228: heated in a heat exchanger placed i
Page 229 and 230: Fig. 2. Lower heating value of fuel
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Acknowledgements The results presen
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large amount of CO2 [1,5-7]. APCr a
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N 1 i ( x x i n 1 m ) 2.3. Carbon
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DTA analysis of the untreated APCrs
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Table 4. Relative Error (%) of the
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CaO HCl CaCl H O 193kJ / mol (
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[1] M. Fernández Bertos, S.J.R. Si
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2. Process development 2.1. Backgro
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to dissolve the chloride salts prec
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The remaining 25% (5 ml/min) of the
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Table 6. Experimental conversions o
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p p 1 1. 5 p H 1 1. 5 2O p mi
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Calculating from the Aspen Plus mod
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[11] Mattila, H.-P., Experimental s
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Mg2SiO4(s) + 2CO2(g) →2MgCO3(s) +
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(Mg/Fe) of the mineral rock, Mg-sil
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Figure 2. Effect of Mg/Fe ratio of
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Figure 4 shows that an increase in
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Figure 5. Process flow diagram of M
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2. Only cold utility is needed belo
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extraction process at 400 °C (~ 62
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Table A2. Extraction equations and
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[13] Teir S, Kuusik R, Fogelholm CJ
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In the area of coal technologies al
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Tabel 1. Characteristics quantities
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N m eT 4a ~ T cp T4a 1 ( K
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Auxiliary power rate of ASU, % 40 4
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[8] Buhre B.J.P., Elliott L.K., She
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1.1 - Cement Manufacturing The ceme
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2. Numerical model The purpose of t
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-0.309x15.77x2 2.085x3 240x4 12.53x
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Table 4 - Results of the optimizati
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1. Define the studied system (in th
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cycle) or a lignin extraction plant
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limiting factor for the maximum siz
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Table 5. Key data for the four ener
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Global CO 2 emissions [ktonnes/yr]
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for biofuels and the investment cos
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The possibility to capture CO2 from
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[17] Berglin N, Andersson L. Proces
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Therefore NL Agency (an agency of t
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2.2.2. Pinch analysis Pinch analysi
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3. Case study 3.1. Plant and proces
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Te 1000 mp era 900 tur 800 e [°C 7
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Application of the approach led to
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The advantage of dynamic models is
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e equal at both time intervals and
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2.5. Selecting the number of TSs Se
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A) Time Slices for solar thermal en
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The first step of procedure is to p
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cTSs demand TS solar TSs 0 2 4 6 8
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In the presented paper a framework
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[5] Erdil E, Ilkan M, Egelioglu F.
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district energy network simulation
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were decreased by 10°C.All scenari
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Site 3 Heat sources Heat load Site
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3.2.2. Input data and assumptions A
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Fig.7 shows the operation forecast
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[13] TERMIS Operation User Guide, 7
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Polygeneration is a term used to de
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The increase in energy utilization
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are available for an entire year, 8
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6. Extensions to core methodology 6
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thermal storage and possible suppor
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laterites. Ore Geology Reviews, v.
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gasification [15], hybrid biomass g
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the second reactor. In this unit, s
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The variables effect was evaluated
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atio, as well as the shift-syngas f
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Fig. 4. Effect of operating tempera
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SDG has slight effect on the syngas
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[26.] Castle WF. Air separation and
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1. Introduction - Firenze University Press

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