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We know that the server of interest to us, port 21, is closed. So we will repeat the same method by exchanging port 22 for port 21. Let us take a look at the results. First terminal: emission of spoofed packets to server S. Second terminal : emission of TCP/IP packets to client C. Here, we can see that the ID has not changed. Why? Because a machine never responds to a Reset. When a port is closed, there is no “leaking” of packets, so there are no more modifications of the ID. You probably understand now how vitally important it is that machine C communicate only with A. Conclusion In this chapter, we seen the functioning principle of this type of scan. Please note that Unix users make use of the famous fyodor (nmap) port scanner (downloadable at http://www.insecure.org). It takes into account this type of scan and can be very powerful. You will also note that even if you are not in S's logs, you are in those of C. So a hacker can be found... The Hackademy DMP -88/209- SYSDREAM
5.Connections Hijacking We are going to use the properties of the data transmission model on a local network in order to hijack a third machine (the hacker's machine), with the flows transiting on the network. On a LAN, packets destined to an IP address of the same network are not routed but sent directly to the communicating machine. So the packet will be encapsulated in an Ethernet packet (layer 2 of the OSI model) whose destination MAC address will be that of the machine associated to the IP address that we want to attach. To know what the MAC address associated to an IP is, the kernel will consult its ARP cache which associates internal network IPs and MACs. You can consult your cache with the arp -a command: arp -a Dantes (192.168.124.20) at 00:50:22:80:B3:34 [ether] ? (192.168.124.1) at 00:09:5B:44:AA:E4 [ether] These entries in the cache are not permanent. When booted, the system is empty. It is when a packet is first sent to an IP that is not associated to any MAC that will be resolved the physical address of the host we wish to reach. What's more, these entries disappear after a certain timeout. The protocol that can associate IP and MAC is ARP (Address Resolution Protocol). A) ARP Cache Poisoning Machine A wishes to reach machine B, but no entry corresponding to B is found. A sends an ARP Request in broadcast on the network asking what is the MAC address of machine B. Machine B receives this packet and answers. At the same time, B will have noted A's MAC to associate to A's IP in its ARP cache. B sends an ARP response to A, in order to fill its ARP cache by associating IP A and MAC A. ARP Request sent by A: MAC SRC IP SRC MAC DST IP DST MAC A IP A FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF IP B ARP response sent by B to A: MAC SRC IP SRC MAC DST IP DST MAC B IP B MAC A IP A With the help of tcpdump, we can sniff the transiting ARP Requests: tcpdump arp tcpdump: listening 15:57:28.027387 arp who-has Dantes tell 192.168.124.12 15:57:28.028122 arp reply Dantes is-at 0:50:22:80:b3:34 The Hackademy DMP -89/209- SYSDREAM
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Hack security “pro”
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Authors For their contribution to t
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Chapter IV: Web Vulnerabilities....
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INTRODUCTION TO TCP/IP NETWORKS Net
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In case of reception, each layer wi
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ARP heading: The Hackademy DMP -11/
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Version: 4 bits. The version field
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TCP header: Source Port: 16 bits. T
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TCP/UDP Port Notions: Multiplexing/
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Start the MS-DOS control interface
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CHAPTER I INFORMATION ACQUISITION T
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expires: 2005-10-28 11:28:29 create
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In the answer field you will find:
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nmap -sP 192.168.124.0/24 Starting
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C) Fingerprinting the system The nm
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It is also possible to specify seve
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SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protoco
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SNMP : Simple Network Management Pr
Page 37 and 38: Here is a scan report obtained with
Page 39 and 40: # nmap 3.50 scan initiated Wed May
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER II CLIENT VULNERABILITIES T
Page 43 and 44: File viruses: These viruses attack
Page 45 and 46: Retroviruses are a bit more aggress
Page 47 and 48: However, do check in the start file
Page 49 and 50: Creating a hidden gateway : But the
Page 51 and 52: infallible. It consists in associat
Page 53 and 54: DOS commands if conditional pluggin
Page 55 and 56: Each one of these zones can be conf
Page 57 and 58: The javascript code destined to dow
Page 59 and 60: The wizard will ask you the locatio
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER III NETWORKS VULNERABILITIE
Page 63 and 64: Here, the connection between the ro
Page 65 and 66: Using the "Follow TCP Stream" optio
Page 67 and 68: You have just created a new filter.
Page 69 and 70: This handshake takes place as follo
Page 71 and 72: Third step Illustration 3: ACK To c
Page 73 and 74: The methodology of this type of att
Page 75 and 76: The case of the UDP protocol Unlike
Page 77 and 78: nc -l -v -n -p 887 Injection of com
Page 79 and 80: Let's try to connect again from mac
Page 81 and 82: We can see that Ethereal has seen i
Page 83 and 84: Conclusion The covert channel princ
Page 85 and 86: It is the IP protocol that is going
Page 87: We will simultaneously launch the p
Page 91 and 92: Let us now display the contents of
Page 93 and 94: B) DNS hijacking The DNS protocol i
Page 95 and 96: ssh2 protection The server's public
Page 97 and 98: B) SSL The SSL protocol functions w
Page 99 and 100: Recent viruses use the resources of
Page 101 and 102: 1.Site Mapping The first thing a ha
Page 103 and 104: Scan_web.php Scan_web.php is a PHP
Page 105 and 106: The phpinfo() function gives the ha
Page 107 and 108: ack to an error message */ if ($ok
Page 109 and 110: System() Function The System() func
Page 111 and 112: Uploading via PHP Quite often, one
Page 113 and 114: inc.php file page1.php file By ty
Page 115 and 116: There are other functions of the sa
Page 117 and 118: i=0; j=0; while (data[i] != '=') {
Page 119 and 120: system("/usr/bin/sendmail -t test@t
Page 121 and 122: In all cases, it is also important
Page 123 and 124: It is therefore vital to understand
Page 125 and 126: The error means that the SQL reques
Page 127 and 128: } else{ } $query = "UPDATE users SE
Page 129 and 130: And here is the result: We are now
Page 131 and 132: We can see that CrashFr is now in b
Page 133 and 134: Once the client has entered his pse
Page 135 and 136: CHAPTER V APPLICATION VULNERABILITI
Page 137 and 138: 2.Buffer Overflow Buffer overflow t
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xdream@Laptop:/$ readelf -a /bin/ls
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A few assembler notions Let us see
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Let us study the representation of
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The program segfaulted when trying
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We can determine that at address 0x
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The we can look in libc6 for the ad
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We can also see in the sources a ca
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3. String Format Presentation Strin
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So when the '%n' indicator is encou
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Using dtors. bash# objdump -s -j .d
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Security The only solution here is
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This program is “suidroot”, whi
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} } printf("Opening of file authori
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} flock(fd, LOCK_UN); //Closing of
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1.Authentication Brute force In thi
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Hybrid attack T launch a hybrid att
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LC3 offers 4 methods. 1. From the l
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B) The Unix passwd file On Unix sys
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C) Authentication service One of th
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The first thing to do is to create
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B) Backdoor kernel Backdoor kernels
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CHAPTER VII GENERIC SECURITY PROCED
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Configure snort so that it can stor
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Pmon NT Pmon is a process monitorin
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Here is a simple scenario. Let us t
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Step 2 : Encoding and signing (PGP)
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12.You can choose a separate Signat
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B) Cryptography of hard drives Wind
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The first time this operation is do
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Integrity controller on Linux There
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There are three protection levels:
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"Program control" Section The “pr
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The rules take the following values
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7.VPN What is a Virtual Private Net
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Contact 1 Villa du clos de Malevart
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Created by trainers from The Hackad
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