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Appendix D. Glossary Comorbidity: Comorbidity literally means additional morbidity. It indicates the presence of one or more disorders in addition to a primary one. Hyperscanning: Hyperscanning is a form of hypervigilance. It consists of an overly rapid sweeping of the eyes. Hypervigilance: Hypervigilance is an increased state of vigilance and sensory sensitivity. It is usually accompanied by an exaggerated intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to detect threat. This consists of a perfectly normal behavior in situations of danger but is used inappropriately in phobic subjects. Phobia: a phobia is a persistent and irrational fear, occurring in specific circumstances [American Psychiatric Association, 1994]. It comes from the Greek term phobos, which translates to fear. Its main symptom is the excessive and unreasonable call upon avoidance strategies to elude the feared stimuli. Social phobia: Social phobia refers to an excessive anxiety in social situations causing distress and impaired abilities in various areas of daily life. 136
List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Various environments available at virtually better [VirtuallyBetter, 2009]. Left: Fear of driving. Middle: Virtual Iraq. Right: Panic attacks. . . . . . . 18 2.2 Various scenarios available at vrphobia [vrphobia, 2009]. Top left: Fear of public speaking. Top middle: Arachnophobia. Top right: Pain distraction. Bottom left: Fear of flying. Bottom middle: Panic attack. Bottom right: Social phobia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3 Left: A negative audience greeting the speaker [Slater et al., 1999]. Right: Public speaking exercise in front of an audience [Klinger et al., 2005]. . . . 20 2.4 Left: An audience consisting of picture of eyes [Herbelin et al., 2002]. Right: Disinterested characters in bar environment [James et al., 2003]. . . . . . . 21 2.5 Left: Virtual supermarket for the treatment of panic attacks and agoraphobia [Villa Martin et al., 2007]. Right: Metro station for the exposure to panic attacks and agoraphobia [Botella et al., 2004c]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.6 Left: Illustration of a gaze map color coding method [Herbelin, 2005]. Right: Trial with a happy and an angry person [Mühlberger et al., 2008]. . . . . . 28 2.7 Different models of vision and perception. Left: [Kuffner Jr and Latombe, 1999]. Right: [Peters and O’Sullivan, 2002]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.8 Mixture of bottom-up and top-down attention behaviors [Gu and Badler, 2006]. 30 2.9 Samples of an animated face with eye movements [Lee et al., 2002c]. . . . 32 2.10 Biomechanical system for natural head-neck movements [Lee and Terzopoulos, 2006]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 137
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Simulating Interactions with Virtua
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3.2.4 Scripts . . . . . . . . . . .
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7.3 Experimental Protocol . . . . .
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Résumé La Réalité Virtuelle (RV
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Context
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1.3. Contributions in areas of dail
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1.5. Organization of this Document
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CHAPTER 2 State of the Art 2.1 Virt
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2.1. Virtual Reality Exposure Thera
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2.2. Models of Visual Attention Fig
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2.3. Motion Editing Peters and O’
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CHAPTER 3 VRET For Social Phobia Mu
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3.2. Creating Scenarios For VRET Fi
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3.3. Eye-Tracking For Interaction F
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3.5. Gaze Behaviors to Enhance Char
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3.6. Discussion 3.6 Discussion Filt
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CHAPTER 4 Simulating Visual Attenti
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4.3. Automatic Interest Point Detec
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4.4. Automatic Motion Adaptation fo
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4.5. Results Figure 4.4: Illustrati
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4.6. Discussion Cs 100 200 300 400
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CHAPTER 5 Interaction with Virtual
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5.2. Tracking in the CAVE animation
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5.3. Interest Point Definition In t
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CHAPTER 6 Experimental Validations
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6.2. Clinical Study on VRET for Soc
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Page 135: APPENDIX D Glossary Acrophobia: acr
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Page 141 and 142: Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY American
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