Texte intégral / Full text (pdf, 20 MiB) - Infoscience - EPFL

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 5. Interaction with Virtual Crowds for VRET of Agoraphobia 5.5 Gesture Recognition In addition to the crowd character gaze behaviors, we have allowed our virtual characters to respond to waving gestures. The method implemented to do this is described by van der Pol [van der Pol, <strong>20</strong>09]. This method allows the recognition of motion captured gestures using point & figure charts. The user wears a glove equipped with 8 LED markers. This glove is also part of the Phasespace system [Phasespace, <strong>20</strong>09] as mentioned above. The user then does a waving gesture which is recorded and represented as a point & figure chart. This system consists of representing an increasing value with an X and a decreasing value with an O. The user’s gestures during immersion are then also represented as point & figure charts which are compared to the original template waving gesture. If there is a match, the character which is being looked at by the user stops its walking motion and performs a waving gesture in return. A predefined threshold value is used in order to filter out small movements from the chart. The gesture therefore need not be exactly the same as the template gesture in order to be matched. Figure 5.3 shows an example of a character waving back at the user. Here, the user’s gesture has been matched to the original waving gesture. The character being looked at therefore stops walking and waves back at the user. Figure 5.3: A user’s gesture is recognized by the point & figure chart as a wave. The looked at character therefore waves back. 5.6 Results The main results we have obtained are discussed in Chapter 7 in which we describe an experiment we have conducted in order to evaluate our application and its different modes. In this section, we present the visual results we have obtained with our application. Figure 5.4 depicts the various gaze behaviors depending on the chosen mode. All of them are rendered from the user’s point of view (in this particular case, the camera). On the top left of the Figure, all characters look at the user as long as he/she is in the character’s field 70
5.6. Results Figure 5.4: Results obtained with the integration of our gaze behaviors into a real-time crowd animation engine. Top left: User-centered gaze behaviors. Top right: Interest-centered gaze behaviors. Bottom left: User or interest gaze behaviors. Bottom right: Random gaze behaviors. of view. On the top right of the Figure, all characters look at what the user is looking at, as long as it is in the character’s field of view. On the bottom left of the Figure, the characters either look at the user or look at what the user is looking at. Finally, on the bottom right of the Figure, the characters look at any other character or object in the environment. The user is also included in the potential points of interest. What we can see from these images is that it is quite clear that all the characters are looking at the user in the user-centered mode. Also, it is visible that the characters seem to not pay attention to the user at all in the random version of the scene. The user or interest mode (mix between user-centered and interest-centered) is the one that seems to be the most natural. Some characters pay attention to the user and others not. They look at the user but also at other characters. This can be explained by the fact that a user shifts his/her attention quite often. The characters having to look at the user’s interest point therefore do not all look at the same thing due to the features of our implementation. Indeed, when an interest point lasts for a too short period of time, we have forced the attention to be maintained on the same point. Some characters thus look at what the user is currently looking at and others may be looking at what the user was looking at beforehand. In the interest-centered mode, however, it is difficult to notice the variations in comparison to the random mode. The interest-centered mode can be perceived in the same way as the random one since the characters don’t seem to be paying attention to the user at all. Moreover, and as previously mentioned, all characters will not be looking at what the user is currently looking at but also at what the user was looking at beforehand. 71
Page 1:
Simulating Interactions with Virtua
Page 4 and 5:
3.2.4 Scripts . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 6 and 7:
7.3 Experimental Protocol . . . . .
Page 8 and 9:
Résumé La Réalité Virtuelle (RV
Page 11 and 12:
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Context
Page 13 and 14:
1.3. Contributions in areas of dail
Page 15 and 16:
1.5. Organization of this Document
Page 17 and 18:
CHAPTER 2 State of the Art 2.1 Virt
Page 19 and 20: 2.1. Virtual Reality Exposure Thera
Page 29 and 30: 2.2. Models of Visual Attention Fig
Page 31 and 32: 2.3. Motion Editing Peters and O’
Page 33 and 34: 2.3. Motion Editing Figure 2.10: Bi
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3 VRET For Social Phobia Mu
Page 37 and 38: 3.2. Creating Scenarios For VRET Fi
Page 39 and 40: 3.3. Eye-Tracking For Interaction F
Page 41 and 42: 3.4. Results can thus determine whe
Page 43 and 44: 3.5. Gaze Behaviors to Enhance Char
Page 45 and 46: 3.6. Discussion 3.6 Discussion Filt
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 4 Simulating Visual Attenti
Page 49 and 50: 4.2. Walking Motion Reconstruction
Page 51 and 52: 4.3. Automatic Interest Point Detec
Page 53 and 54: 4.3. Automatic Interest Point Detec
Page 55 and 56: 4.4. Automatic Motion Adaptation fo
Page 57 and 58: 4.4. Automatic Motion Adaptation fo
Page 59 and 60: 4.5. Results Figure 4.4: Illustrati
Page 61 and 62: 4.6. Discussion Cs 100 200 300 400
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 5 Interaction with Virtual
Page 65 and 66: 5.2. Tracking in the CAVE animation
Page 67 and 68: 5.3. Interest Point Definition In t
Page 69: 5.4. Automatic Motion Adaptation Th
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER 6 Experimental Validations
Page 75 and 76: 6.2. Clinical Study on VRET for Soc
Page 85 and 86: 6.3. Eye-tracking as Assessment and
Page 95 and 96: 6.4. Eye-tracking for Interaction 6
Page 97 and 98: 6.4. Eye-tracking for Interaction D
Page 99 and 100: 6.4. Eye-tracking for Interaction F
Page 101 and 102: 6.4. Eye-tracking for Interaction F
Page 103 and 104: 6.4. Eye-tracking for Interaction t
Page 105 and 106: CHAPTER 7 Experimental Validation -
Page 107 and 108: 7.3. Experimental Protocol Figure 7
Page 109 and 110: 7.4. Results User-centered Interest
Page 111 and 112: 7.4. Results 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Page 113 and 114: 7.4. Results 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Page 115 and 116: 7.4. Results 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-3 2-4 3-
Page 117 and 118: 7.6. Conclusion percentage of the v
Page 119 and 120: CHAPTER 8 Conclusion In the past de
Page 121 and 122:
8.2. Perspectives and Future Work 8
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDIX A Ethics Commission Reques
Page 125 and 126:
- Cette condition persiste pendant
Page 127 and 128:
laires sur un groupe de personnes s
Page 129 and 130:
Richard G Heimberg, Social Phobia -
Page 131 and 132:
APPENDIX B Fearful Situation Docume
Page 133 and 134:
APPENDIX C List of Abbreviations AS
Page 135 and 136:
APPENDIX D Glossary Acrophobia: acr
Page 137 and 138:
List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES 2.1
Page 139 and 140:
List of Figures 6.3 Results to the
Page 141 and 142:
Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY American
Page 143 and 144:
Bibliography Dassault Systèmes. ht
Page 145 and 146:
Bibliography Iscan. http://www.isca
Page 147 and 148:
Bibliography A. Mühlberger, M.J. W
Page 149 and 150:
Bibliography B.O. Rothbaum, L.F. Ho
Page 151:
WHO. The ICD-10 Classification Of M
Page 154 and 155:
154
show all

Texte intégral / Full text (pdf, 20 MiB) - Infoscience - EPFL

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?