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25. Sports organisations or institutions should ensure that the sexual orientation or gender identity of coaches or athletes is not a factor in determining eligibility for teams, coaching positions or athletic awards. Improving media reporting 26. The media are encouraged to include in their practice/conduct codes reference to LGBT persons <strong>and</strong> issues <strong>and</strong> provide formal <strong>and</strong> informal diversity training to journalists raising awareness on LGBT issues <strong>and</strong> avoiding hate speech. In this regard the recent Council of Europe Manual on Hate Speech 6 provides useful guidance. Ensuring equal treatment <strong>and</strong> participation in education 27. The European Commission should consider applying the Open Method of Coordination to facilitate exchange of good practices regarding strategies <strong>and</strong> policies tackling school drop-out rates <strong>and</strong> social marginalisation of LGBT young people related to bullying, discrimination <strong>and</strong> exclusion. 28. The European Commission should also consider applying the Open Method of Coordination also to facilitate an exchange of practices <strong>and</strong> policies developed by Member States, which have adopted LGBT specific policies in the field of education, such as Irel<strong>and</strong>, Sweden <strong>and</strong> the United Kingdom. 29. Member States should ensure that schools provide a climate of safety, support <strong>and</strong> affirmation for LGBT youth combating stigmatisation <strong>and</strong> marginalisation of homosexuality <strong>and</strong> different gender identities. In this respect school authorities should put in place concrete anti-bullying policies stating clearly that homophobic name-calling, bullying <strong>and</strong> harassment will not be tolerated. School authorities should also provide access to support mechanisms <strong>and</strong> information for young people identifying themselves as LGB. 30. Member States should ensure that school curricula do not ignore issues of sexual orientation <strong>and</strong> that LGBT persons are represented with respect <strong>and</strong> dignity in accordance with the European Union’s fundamental values of equal treatment, nondiscrimination <strong>and</strong> respect for diversity. In this respect, school authorities should further develop their formal <strong>and</strong> informal human rights education components guided by the Council of Europe’s human rights education manual ‘COMPASS’. 6 Anne Weber (2009), Manuel sur le discourse de haine, Council of Europe Part II - The Social Situation 21
<strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Discrimination</strong> on Grounds of Sexual Orientation <strong>and</strong> Gender Identity in the EU Member States 22 Improving knowledge through research <strong>and</strong> data collection 31. The European Commission is encouraged to promote more research into LGBT issues in the context of its Seventh Framework Programme for research <strong>and</strong> technological development (2007-2013) under its socio-economic sciences <strong>and</strong> humanities programme <strong>and</strong> consider developing a specific area for LGBT <strong>and</strong> transgender focused research in the Eighth Framework Programme (2014-2020) under the socio-economic sciences <strong>and</strong> humanities programme. It should be noted that as LGBT research can be ‘blind’ to transgender issues these transgender-specific problems (such as gender recognition) should not be ignored. 32. Member States should encourage <strong>and</strong> fund appropriately qualitative <strong>and</strong> quantitative research on discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity <strong>and</strong> gender expression in all spheres of life <strong>and</strong> on the extent, nature, causes <strong>and</strong> impacts of homophobia <strong>and</strong> transphobia.
Page 2 and 3: European Union Agency for Fundament
Page 4 and 5: Foreword On December 18 2008 the UN
Page 6 and 7: Contents FOREWORD .................
Page 8 and 9: Executive Summary Background The pr
Page 10 and 11: Fear of discrimination, homophobia
Page 12 and 13: usually young men in groups. In rec
Page 14 and 15: Bullying and haras
Page 16 and 17: Asylum Although all Member States r
Page 18 and 19: Opinions According to Art 4(1)(d) o
Page 20 and 21: more public awareness on LGBT issue
Page 24 and 25: Introduction ‘Respect for the rig
Page 26 and 27: Clarification of terms and<
Page 28 and 29: assigned to them at birth. This inc
Page 30 and 31: Methodology The present analysis re
Page 32 and 33: PART I: Lesbians, gay men, bisexual
Page 34 and 35: in 2003 by the Campaign Against <st
Page 36 and 37: impact that I think profoundly affe
Page 38 and 39: These results come as no surprise.
Page 40 and 41: ‘came out’ to their parents. In
Page 42 and 43: Legislation regarding homophobic ha
Page 44 and 45: and National Equal
Page 46 and 47: 'A group of young people from my to
Page 48 and 49: Several factors may contribute to t
Page 50 and 51: eveal that the National Equality Bo
Page 52 and 53: 'We must say a clear "no" to all th
Page 54 and 55: The Office of the Equal Opportuniti
Page 56 and 57: Bans In recent years there have bee
Page 58 and 59: news media. Violent attacks on demo
Page 60 and 61: efused to rent office space to the
Page 62 and 63: A Finnish study 153 indicated that
Page 64 and 65: National Equality Bodies There is a
Page 66 and 67: Interviews with National Equality B
Page 68 and 69: Research on workplace experiences T
Page 70 and 71: Another United Kingdom study, 194 b
Page 72 and 73:
Conclusions LGBT persons are subjec
Page 74 and 75:
In interview, the Belgian LGBT NGO
Page 76 and 77:
‘horseplay’ or ‘messing aroun
Page 78 and 79:
LGBT youth examined suggested that
Page 80 and 81:
educational curricula, as it contri
Page 82 and 83:
on the grounds of their sexual orie
Page 84 and 85:
'I was an out patient at hospital <
Page 86 and 87:
general population, and</st
Page 88 and 89:
I.7. Religious institutions It was
Page 90 and 91:
specified. The EU has criticized th
Page 92 and 93:
I.8. Sports This section addresses
Page 94 and 95:
issue of homophobia or the situatio
Page 96 and 97:
I.9. Media This section examines ho
Page 98 and 99:
appear as heterosexuals in order to
Page 100 and 101:
Conclusions Incidents of homophobic
Page 102 and 103:
In other Member States data indicat
Page 104 and 105:
interaction with police was support
Page 106 and 107:
Conclusions All the Member States i
Page 108 and 109:
National Council for Combating <str
Page 110 and 111:
empowering ethnic minority LGBT peo
Page 112 and 113:
Conclusions People with multiple id
Page 114 and 115:
ief overview is given here in order
Page 116 and 117:
e closely linked with, among other
Page 118 and 119:
sexual abuse (4 per cent) were also
Page 120 and 121:
eported that they were afraid of ha
Page 122 and 123:
The Labour Market There is no evide
Page 124 and 125:
to to provide LGBTQ student organis
Page 126 and 127:
towards gender identity are common
Page 128 and 129:
Good practice: In the United Kingdo
Page 130 and 131:
Elderly transgender people have bee
Page 132 and 133:
Homophobia, transp
Page 134 and 135:
Annex 1 Country Report Authors Coun
Page 136 and 137:
Annex 2 Stakeholder E - Questionnai
Page 138 and 139:
2. A minority accepts 3. Half of p
Page 140 and 141:
4. Almost full recognition 5. Tota
Page 142 and 143:
4. Good protection 5. High protect
Page 144 and 145:
31. Please state your assessment of
Page 146 and 147:
Asylum and family
Page 148 and 149:
48. Primary education (Basic school
Page 150 and 151:
Don't know Does not apply/Not rele
Page 152 and 153:
4. Somewhat high level of awareness
Page 154 and 155:
76. If you have any further comment
Page 156:
European Union Agency for Fundament
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