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efused to rent office space to the Lithuanian Gay League (LGL), on the grounds that they did not want LGBT persons on their premises. 144 The celebration of the 10th anniversary of the LGBT movement in Slovenia was supposed to take place at the Ljubljana Castle. The leaseholder of the castle cancelled the event when he found out that it was LGBT-related. 145 In Italy in 2005 lesbian organisations in Milan protested against the Province of Milan for denying access to a venue for an international seminar on lesbian issues a few days before the event. LGBT organisations were barred from taking part in a governmental conference on the family organised by the Ministry of the Family in May 2007. Furthermore, many theatres, cinemas <strong>and</strong> other sites used for public debates in Italy are owned by the Catholic Church, <strong>and</strong> these sites have denied use for events concerning LGBT rights. 146 Conclusions In most Member States LGBT persons can freely exercise their right to freedom of assembly. In recent years, however, bans or administrative impediments blocked the organisation of peaceful, public LGBT demonstrations in some Member States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Pol<strong>and</strong>, Romania, <strong>and</strong> Bulgaria). However, with the exception of Lithuania, LGBT NGOs subsequently succeeded to organise their events in those Member States. Also, in some Member States, public authorities have not been able, or willing, to ensure the safety of participants in public LGBT demonstrations from attacks from extreme rightwing, nationalist, conservative <strong>and</strong>/or religious counter-demonstrations. Within the last five years such attacks have occurred in Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Pol<strong>and</strong>, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Romania, <strong>and</strong> Bulgaria. According to information gathered in interviews, LGBT NGOs also reported that finding premises for LGBT activities can be a problem in some Member States. 147 144 Fieldwork meetings with Lithuanian Gay League (Lithuania, 13 March 2008) <strong>and</strong> The Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson (Lithuania, 14 March 2008) 145 Slovenia, country report 146 Italy, country report; <strong>and</strong> fieldwork meeting with Arcigay <strong>and</strong> Arcilesbica, March 5, 2008 147 Information from fieldwork interviews in Italy, Lithuania <strong>and</strong> Slovenia Part II - The Social Situation 59
<strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Discrimination</strong> on Grounds of Sexual Orientation <strong>and</strong> Gender Identity in the EU Member States 60 I.4. The labour market This section examines a variety of issues regarding discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in employment, namely the invisibility of LGBT persons, how LGBT persons access their rights in the labour market, evidence of the level of experienced discrimination <strong>and</strong> homophobia in the workplace, the prevalence of discrimination in the labour market, <strong>and</strong> employers’ attitudes <strong>and</strong> responsibilities towards LGBT persons. Openness versus invisibility of LGBT persons In all Member States, LGBT NGOs interviewed in the field suggested that many LGB people are not visible in the labour market. This finding was supported in interviews with National Equality Bodies <strong>and</strong> public authorities in all 27 Member States. 148 As the Commission has noted, ‘the group subject to discrimination is hardly identified in the public statistics <strong>and</strong> does not always wish to be… We were told that discrimination based on sexual orientation occurred once a person had been hired <strong>and</strong> once the information on the person’s sexuality had been revealed, whether willingly or not.’ 149 According to an ILGA-Europe report 150 , 42 per cent of LGB respondents are not 'out' in their workplace. Sixty-six per cent name fear of reprisals as a factor in their choice to remain hidden. A Swedish survey 151 conducted by the Arbetslivsinstitutet [The National Institute for Working Life], showed that 50 per cent of LGB respondents were not open at work. Forty per cent of these avoided socialising due to fear of being 'revealed'. In a German survey 152 of 2,230 gay <strong>and</strong> lesbian employees, <strong>and</strong> showed a similar pattern: 52 per cent of gays <strong>and</strong> lesbians either didn’t reveal their sexual orientation to their colleagues or revealed it only to a few. Disclosure to supervisors or executives was much lower (65.1 per cent did not reveal or revealed only to a few supervisors or executives). In specific work sectors, for example the military <strong>and</strong> the church, disclosure is much lower than average. 148 Fieldwork meetings with LGBT NGOs, National Equality Bodies <strong>and</strong> public authorities in all the EU Member States, March-May 2008 149 European Commission, ‘The Fight against <strong>Discrimination</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Promotion of Equality. How to Measure Progress Done’, p. 62 available at http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/pubst/stud/measprog08_en.pdf (16.12.2008) 150 S. Quinn <strong>and</strong> E. Paradis (2007) Going Beyond the Law: promoting equality in employment, ILGA-Europe 151 Arbetslivsinstitutet (2003) Arbetsvillkor och utsatthet. Stockholm 152 D. Frohn (2007) “Out im Office?!“ Sexuelle Identität, (Anti-)Diskriminierung und Diversity am Arbeitsplatz. Köln: Schwules Netzwerk NRW e.V. (ed.) funded by Ministry for Intergenerational Affairs, Family, Women & Integration of North Rhine-Westphalia
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European Union Agency for Fundament
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Foreword On December 18 2008 the UN
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Contents FOREWORD .................
Page 8 and 9:
Executive Summary Background The pr
Page 10 and 11: Fear of discrimination, homophobia
Page 12 and 13: usually young men in groups. In rec
Page 14 and 15: Bullying and haras
Page 16 and 17: Asylum Although all Member States r
Page 18 and 19: Opinions According to Art 4(1)(d) o
Page 20 and 21: more public awareness on LGBT issue
Page 22 and 23: 25. Sports organisations or institu
Page 24 and 25: Introduction ‘Respect for the rig
Page 26 and 27: Clarification of terms and<
Page 28 and 29: assigned to them at birth. This inc
Page 30 and 31: Methodology The present analysis re
Page 32 and 33: PART I: Lesbians, gay men, bisexual
Page 34 and 35: in 2003 by the Campaign Against <st
Page 36 and 37: impact that I think profoundly affe
Page 38 and 39: These results come as no surprise.
Page 40 and 41: ‘came out’ to their parents. In
Page 42 and 43: Legislation regarding homophobic ha
Page 44 and 45: and National Equal
Page 46 and 47: 'A group of young people from my to
Page 48 and 49: Several factors may contribute to t
Page 50 and 51: eveal that the National Equality Bo
Page 52 and 53: 'We must say a clear "no" to all th
Page 54 and 55: The Office of the Equal Opportuniti
Page 56 and 57: Bans In recent years there have bee
Page 58 and 59: news media. Violent attacks on demo
Page 62 and 63: A Finnish study 153 indicated that
Page 64 and 65: National Equality Bodies There is a
Page 66 and 67: Interviews with National Equality B
Page 68 and 69: Research on workplace experiences T
Page 70 and 71: Another United Kingdom study, 194 b
Page 72 and 73: Conclusions LGBT persons are subjec
Page 74 and 75: In interview, the Belgian LGBT NGO
Page 76 and 77: ‘horseplay’ or ‘messing aroun
Page 78 and 79: LGBT youth examined suggested that
Page 80 and 81: educational curricula, as it contri
Page 82 and 83: on the grounds of their sexual orie
Page 84 and 85: 'I was an out patient at hospital <
Page 86 and 87: general population, and</st
Page 88 and 89: I.7. Religious institutions It was
Page 90 and 91: specified. The EU has criticized th
Page 92 and 93: I.8. Sports This section addresses
Page 94 and 95: issue of homophobia or the situatio
Page 96 and 97: I.9. Media This section examines ho
Page 98 and 99: appear as heterosexuals in order to
Page 100 and 101: Conclusions Incidents of homophobic
Page 102 and 103: In other Member States data indicat
Page 104 and 105: interaction with police was support
Page 106 and 107: Conclusions All the Member States i
Page 108 and 109: National Council for Combating <str
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empowering ethnic minority LGBT peo
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Conclusions People with multiple id
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ief overview is given here in order
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e closely linked with, among other
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sexual abuse (4 per cent) were also
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eported that they were afraid of ha
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The Labour Market There is no evide
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to to provide LGBTQ student organis
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towards gender identity are common
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Good practice: In the United Kingdo
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Elderly transgender people have bee
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Homophobia, transp
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Annex 1 Country Report Authors Coun
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Annex 2 Stakeholder E - Questionnai
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2. A minority accepts 3. Half of p
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4. Almost full recognition 5. Tota
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4. Good protection 5. High protect
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31. Please state your assessment of
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Asylum and family
Page 148 and 149:
48. Primary education (Basic school
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Don't know Does not apply/Not rele
Page 152 and 153:
4. Somewhat high level of awareness
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76. If you have any further comment
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European Union Agency for Fundament
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