Homophobia and Discrimination on

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National Equality Bodies There is a general convergence towards the model of a single Equality Body competent to deal with all discrimination grounds. Such model is already in place in 18 Member States (Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Greece, France, Irel<strong>and</strong>, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, Austria, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia <strong>and</strong> the United Kingdom). In addition, while nine Member States do not, at the time of writing, have Equality Bodies competent to address discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation, four States are moving in this direction (Estonia, Italy <strong>and</strong> Portugal). Only Sweden has had a body specifically tasked to deal with discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation, namely HomO, one of four Equality Ombudspersons. But since 1 January 2009 the Ombudsman against <strong>Discrimination</strong> on grounds of Sexual Orientation <strong>and</strong> the other Ombudsmen against discrimination have been merged into the Swedish Equality Ombudsman. The new Ombudsman will base its activities on the new <strong>Discrimination</strong> Act that will replace the existing seven pieces of legislation on Part II - The Social Situation 63
<strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Discrimination</strong> on Grounds of Sexual Orientation <strong>and</strong> Gender Identity in the EU Member States 64 discrimination. 161 In sum, within the next year or two there will probably be 22 Member States with a single Equality Body competent to address all grounds of discrimination. Nine Member States do not have an Equality Body competent to address discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation (Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Italy, Malta, Pol<strong>and</strong>, Portugal, <strong>and</strong> Finl<strong>and</strong>). In five of these, an Ombudsperson institution might be competent to receive complaints about discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation (Czech Republic, Estonia, Spain, Pol<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> Finl<strong>and</strong>). These types of Ombuds institutions, however, do not dispose of the range of powers envisaged by the Racial Equality Directive for Equality Bodies. Data on discrimination There are few official statistical data on discrimination complaints. 10 Member States (Austria, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, Romania <strong>and</strong> Sweden) compile statistical complaints data. The following table illustrates the number of complaints in each country, along with the number of the total number of findings of discrimination 162 : Country Total number of complaints of discrimination on the ground of sexual orientation - equality body, tribunals, courts etc.(2007) 163 Total number of findings of discrimination confirmed in 2007 by equality body, tribunals, courts etc. (2007) 164 Austria 45 0 Czech Republic 1 1 Cyprus 1 Decision pending Estonia 1 0 Hungary 2 0 Latvia 12 1 Lithuania 18 1 The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s 6 3 Romania 7 1 Sweden 62 6 165 161 The Equality Ombudsman shall ensure that discrimination on grounds of sex, transgender identity or expression, ethnicity, religion or other belief, disability, sexual orientation or age does not occur in any area of society. The Ombudsman shall further promote equal rights <strong>and</strong> opportunities, supervise compliance with the <strong>Discrimination</strong> Act, h<strong>and</strong>le individual complaints <strong>and</strong> promote equality through the provision of advice <strong>and</strong> education. http://www.homo.se/o.o.i.s/1210 (23.10.2008) 162 Information from FRALEX country legal reports; information for Sweden from HomO 163 The complaints cover all social areas of discrimination (employment, education, housing, goods <strong>and</strong> services etc.) 164 The number of complaints in 2007 does not necessarily correspond with findings from 2007 as some decisions are not reached the same year as the complaint was made. 165 It is important to note that the 6 cases only reflects those cases where sufficient evidence of discrimination was found <strong>and</strong> where a decision confirming the evidence was made. In the remaining 56 cases no finding of violation was found. This does not necessarily imply that there was no discrimination in the cases, but merely that for example the evidence to support the claim of discrimination was too weak.
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European Union Agency for Fundament
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Foreword On December 18 2008 the UN
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Contents FOREWORD .................
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Executive Summary Background The pr
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Fear of discrimination, homophobia
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usually young men in groups. In rec
Page 14 and 15: Bullying and haras
Page 16 and 17: Asylum Although all Member States r
Page 18 and 19: Opinions According to Art 4(1)(d) o
Page 20 and 21: more public awareness on LGBT issue
Page 22 and 23: 25. Sports organisations or institu
Page 24 and 25: Introduction ‘Respect for the rig
Page 26 and 27: Clarification of terms and<
Page 28 and 29: assigned to them at birth. This inc
Page 30 and 31: Methodology The present analysis re
Page 32 and 33: PART I: Lesbians, gay men, bisexual
Page 34 and 35: in 2003 by the Campaign Against <st
Page 36 and 37: impact that I think profoundly affe
Page 38 and 39: These results come as no surprise.
Page 40 and 41: ‘came out’ to their parents. In
Page 42 and 43: Legislation regarding homophobic ha
Page 44 and 45: and National Equal
Page 46 and 47: 'A group of young people from my to
Page 48 and 49: Several factors may contribute to t
Page 50 and 51: eveal that the National Equality Bo
Page 52 and 53: 'We must say a clear "no" to all th
Page 54 and 55: The Office of the Equal Opportuniti
Page 56 and 57: Bans In recent years there have bee
Page 58 and 59: news media. Violent attacks on demo
Page 60 and 61: efused to rent office space to the
Page 62 and 63: A Finnish study 153 indicated that
Page 66 and 67: Interviews with National Equality B
Page 68 and 69: Research on workplace experiences T
Page 70 and 71: Another United Kingdom study, 194 b
Page 72 and 73: Conclusions LGBT persons are subjec
Page 74 and 75: In interview, the Belgian LGBT NGO
Page 76 and 77: ‘horseplay’ or ‘messing aroun
Page 78 and 79: LGBT youth examined suggested that
Page 80 and 81: educational curricula, as it contri
Page 82 and 83: on the grounds of their sexual orie
Page 84 and 85: 'I was an out patient at hospital <
Page 86 and 87: general population, and</st
Page 88 and 89: I.7. Religious institutions It was
Page 90 and 91: specified. The EU has criticized th
Page 92 and 93: I.8. Sports This section addresses
Page 94 and 95: issue of homophobia or the situatio
Page 96 and 97: I.9. Media This section examines ho
Page 98 and 99: appear as heterosexuals in order to
Page 100 and 101: Conclusions Incidents of homophobic
Page 102 and 103: In other Member States data indicat
Page 104 and 105: interaction with police was support
Page 106 and 107: Conclusions All the Member States i
Page 108 and 109: National Council for Combating <str
Page 110 and 111: empowering ethnic minority LGBT peo
Page 112 and 113: Conclusions People with multiple id
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ief overview is given here in order
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e closely linked with, among other
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sexual abuse (4 per cent) were also
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eported that they were afraid of ha
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The Labour Market There is no evide
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to to provide LGBTQ student organis
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towards gender identity are common
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Good practice: In the United Kingdo
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Elderly transgender people have bee
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Homophobia, transp
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Annex 1 Country Report Authors Coun
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Annex 2 Stakeholder E - Questionnai
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2. A minority accepts 3. Half of p
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4. Almost full recognition 5. Tota
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4. Good protection 5. High protect
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31. Please state your assessment of
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Asylum and family
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48. Primary education (Basic school
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Don't know Does not apply/Not rele
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4. Somewhat high level of awareness
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76. If you have any further comment
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European Union Agency for Fundament
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