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Bans In recent years there have been instances of municipal authorities prohibiting, at least initially, peaceful demonstrations <strong>and</strong> rallies by groups advocating LGBT rights: Lithuania: In 2007 municipal authorities in Vilnius denied authorisation for public LGBT events on two occasions. The organisers complained in the second instance, but the courts rejected the complaint. 124 Latvia: According to information gathered during interviews, in 2005 <strong>and</strong> 2006 municipal authorities banned the Pride Parade in Riga. 125 Bulgaria: In 2005 the mayor of the city of Varna banned the opening of a Pink Point information booth. The organisers filed a complaint with the Commission for Protection Against <strong>Discrimination</strong>, <strong>and</strong> Varna Municipality was found guilty of indirect discrimination. Due to appeal proceedings the case is still pending. 126 Romania: In 2005 municipal authorities banned a Diversity March in Bucharest. 127 Pol<strong>and</strong>: In 2004 <strong>and</strong> 2005 LGBT Equality Marches were banned by municipal authorities in Warsaw. In 2005 a similar march was banned in the city of Poznan. 128 Reasons given for the bans include participant safety, the violation of public morals <strong>and</strong> the preservation of public order. It is important to note, however, that some of the bans <strong>and</strong> other complicating procedures of restriction (for example in Bucharest, Warsaw <strong>and</strong> Riga) have been changed after advocacy from LGBT NGOs, international pressure, court decisions, opinions from National Equality Bodies or interventions from ministers. 129 124 E. Ziobiene (2008) Legal Study on <strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Discrimination</strong> on Grounds of Sexual Orientation, Report on Lithuania, FRALEX Legal Report. Also: Fieldwork meetings with Lithuanian Gay League (Lithuania, 13 March 2008) <strong>and</strong> The Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson (Lithuania 14 March 2008) 125 Fieldwork meetings in Latvia: Tiesībsarga birojs [the Ombudsman's Office] (12 March 2008) <strong>and</strong> the LGBT NGO Mozaika (12 March 2008) 126 S. Kukova (2008) Legal Study on <strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Discrimination</strong> on Grounds f Sexual Orientation, Report on Bulgaria, Fralex Legal Country Report. Also: Fieldwork meeting with the LGBT NGO BGO Gemini, April 28, 2008, <strong>and</strong> the Commission for Protection Against <strong>Discrimination</strong>, April 29, 2008 127 Romania, country report <strong>and</strong> fieldwork meeting with the LGBT NGO ACCEPT (April 7 2008) 128 M. Abramovicz (ed.) (2007) The Situation of Bisexual <strong>and</strong> Homosexual Persons in Pol<strong>and</strong>; 2005 <strong>and</strong> 2006 report, Warsaw: Campaign Against <strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> Lambda Warsaw Association 129 Romania, country report. M. Abramovicz (ed.) (2007) The Situation of Bisexual <strong>and</strong> Homosexual Persons in Pol<strong>and</strong>; 2005 <strong>and</strong> 2006 report, Campaign Against <strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> Lambda Warsaw Association, Warsaw. Fieldwork meetings in Latvia: Tiesībsarga birojs [the Ombudsman's Office] (12 March 2008) <strong>and</strong> the LGBT NGO Mozaika (12 March 2008) Part II - The Social Situation 55
<strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Discrimination</strong> on Grounds of Sexual Orientation <strong>and</strong> Gender Identity in the EU Member States 56 In the case of Baczkowski <strong>and</strong> Others v. Pol<strong>and</strong>, Application no. 1543/06, Judgment of 3 may 2007, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the bans of Equality Marches <strong>and</strong> assemblies in Warsaw in 2005 was a violation of the Articles 11, 13 <strong>and</strong> 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights. 130 Administrative impediments Interviews revealed that administrative impediments were used in Estonia in 2007, with local police reluctant to cooperate with Pride organisers <strong>and</strong> requiring them to hire a private security company. 131 The organisers submitted a complaint to the Chancellor of Justice. The Chancellor established that the Põhja Politseiprefektuur [Northern Police Prefecture] had not followed the st<strong>and</strong>ards of good governance when refusing to cooperate with the parade organisers. 132 The Chancellor of Justice further pointed out that, although the authorities seem to be aware of their negative obligations, i.e. not to disturb the parade, they were not aware of their positive obligation to provide an environment where freedom of assembly <strong>and</strong> related rights can be enjoyed (for example, by protecting demonstrators from counterprotesters). 133 According to interviewees, similar impediments occurred in relation to a Diversity March in Romania in 2008, with local police requiring the organisers to provide a traffic regulation plan. 134 Counter-reactions The reactions against LGBT demonstrations such as Pride events are not limited to public authorities. In the summer of 2008, violent attacks on Pride marches in the capitals of the Czech Republic, Hungary <strong>and</strong> Bulgaria were reported in the international 130 See http://www.icj.org/IMG/European_Compilation-web.pdf (26.11.2008) 131 Fieldwork meeting with SEKÜ <strong>and</strong> Diversity (Estonia, 10 March 2008) 132 Estonia/Õiguskantsleri kantselei (09.2007) ‘Soovitus õiguspärasuse ja hea halduse tava järgimiseks’ [‘Recommendation to observe legality <strong>and</strong> good governance’], letter to politseiprefekt [Police Prefect] Raivo Kütt, p. 13 133 Estonia/Õiguskantsleri kantselei (09.2007) ‘Soovitus õiguspärasuse ja hea halduse tava järgimiseks’ [‘Recommendation to observe legality <strong>and</strong> good governance’], letter to politseiprefekt [Police Prefect] Raivo Kütt, p. 13 134 Fieldwork meeting with ACCEPT (Romania, 7 April 2008)
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European Union Agency for Fundament
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Foreword On December 18 2008 the UN
Page 6 and 7: Contents FOREWORD .................
Page 8 and 9: Executive Summary Background The pr
Page 10 and 11: Fear of discrimination, homophobia
Page 12 and 13: usually young men in groups. In rec
Page 14 and 15: Bullying and haras
Page 16 and 17: Asylum Although all Member States r
Page 18 and 19: Opinions According to Art 4(1)(d) o
Page 20 and 21: more public awareness on LGBT issue
Page 22 and 23: 25. Sports organisations or institu
Page 24 and 25: Introduction ‘Respect for the rig
Page 26 and 27: Clarification of terms and<
Page 28 and 29: assigned to them at birth. This inc
Page 30 and 31: Methodology The present analysis re
Page 32 and 33: PART I: Lesbians, gay men, bisexual
Page 34 and 35: in 2003 by the Campaign Against <st
Page 36 and 37: impact that I think profoundly affe
Page 38 and 39: These results come as no surprise.
Page 40 and 41: ‘came out’ to their parents. In
Page 42 and 43: Legislation regarding homophobic ha
Page 44 and 45: and National Equal
Page 46 and 47: 'A group of young people from my to
Page 48 and 49: Several factors may contribute to t
Page 50 and 51: eveal that the National Equality Bo
Page 52 and 53: 'We must say a clear "no" to all th
Page 54 and 55: The Office of the Equal Opportuniti
Page 58 and 59: news media. Violent attacks on demo
Page 60 and 61: efused to rent office space to the
Page 62 and 63: A Finnish study 153 indicated that
Page 64 and 65: National Equality Bodies There is a
Page 66 and 67: Interviews with National Equality B
Page 68 and 69: Research on workplace experiences T
Page 70 and 71: Another United Kingdom study, 194 b
Page 72 and 73: Conclusions LGBT persons are subjec
Page 74 and 75: In interview, the Belgian LGBT NGO
Page 76 and 77: ‘horseplay’ or ‘messing aroun
Page 78 and 79: LGBT youth examined suggested that
Page 80 and 81: educational curricula, as it contri
Page 82 and 83: on the grounds of their sexual orie
Page 84 and 85: 'I was an out patient at hospital <
Page 86 and 87: general population, and</st
Page 88 and 89: I.7. Religious institutions It was
Page 90 and 91: specified. The EU has criticized th
Page 92 and 93: I.8. Sports This section addresses
Page 94 and 95: issue of homophobia or the situatio
Page 96 and 97: I.9. Media This section examines ho
Page 98 and 99: appear as heterosexuals in order to
Page 100 and 101: Conclusions Incidents of homophobic
Page 102 and 103: In other Member States data indicat
Page 104 and 105: interaction with police was support
Page 106 and 107:
Conclusions All the Member States i
Page 108 and 109:
National Council for Combating <str
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empowering ethnic minority LGBT peo
Page 112 and 113:
Conclusions People with multiple id
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ief overview is given here in order
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e closely linked with, among other
Page 118 and 119:
sexual abuse (4 per cent) were also
Page 120 and 121:
eported that they were afraid of ha
Page 122 and 123:
The Labour Market There is no evide
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to to provide LGBTQ student organis
Page 126 and 127:
towards gender identity are common
Page 128 and 129:
Good practice: In the United Kingdo
Page 130 and 131:
Elderly transgender people have bee
Page 132 and 133:
Homophobia, transp
Page 134 and 135:
Annex 1 Country Report Authors Coun
Page 136 and 137:
Annex 2 Stakeholder E - Questionnai
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2. A minority accepts 3. Half of p
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4. Almost full recognition 5. Tota
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4. Good protection 5. High protect
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31. Please state your assessment of
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Asylum and family
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48. Primary education (Basic school
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Don't know Does not apply/Not rele
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4. Somewhat high level of awareness
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76. If you have any further comment
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European Union Agency for Fundament
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