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‘came out’ to their parents. In Slovakia, a study 59 showed that 20 per cent of its LGB respondents were expelled from home, when they ‘came out’. Furthermore, Belgian research 60 has shown that LGBT persons rely less on family members <strong>and</strong> more on friends when seeking social support. Conclusions Attitudes towards LGBT people vary significantly among the Member States <strong>and</strong> also depend on the context LGBT people are placed in. The most positive results appear when respondents are asked if they want a homosexual as a neighbour. The most negative results surface when asked if homosexuals should be allowed to adopt children. Attitudes also differ according to age with young people having a more positive attitude towards LGBT people than older people. Recognition of legal partnership may also be a factor influencing attitudes positively. LGB persons tend to hide their sexual orientation from their families, <strong>and</strong> many experience what they perceive as discrimination by their families, sometimes in the form of rejection or even violence. Negative attitudes towards transgendered people are significantly higher than negative attitudes towards lesbians, gay men <strong>and</strong> bisexuals. 59 A. Daucikova, P. Jójárt, M. Siposova (2002) Report on <strong>Discrimination</strong> of Lesbians, Gay Men <strong>and</strong> Bisexuals in Slovakia, Bratislava: Documentation <strong>and</strong> Information Centre 60 A. Dewaele (2007-2008) De sociale netwerken van holebi's - Over vriendschap en <strong>and</strong>ere bloedb<strong>and</strong>en. Antwerpen University: Faculteit Politieke en Sociale Wetenschappen, Departement Sociologie Part II - The Social Situation 39
<strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Discrimination</strong> on Grounds of Sexual Orientation <strong>and</strong> Gender Identity in the EU Member States 40 I.2. Hate Crime <strong>and</strong> Hate Speech This section addresses a number of dimensions related to hate crime <strong>and</strong> hate speech, including the prevalence of physical assaults on LGBT persons, the character of the assaults <strong>and</strong> the perpetrators, procedures for reporting incidents of hate crime <strong>and</strong> police or other authorities' methods for responding to such reports, <strong>and</strong> attacks on LGBT venues. In nine EU Member States 61 (Belgium, Denmark, Spain, France, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, Portugal, Romania, Sweden as well as part of the United Kingdom - Northern Irel<strong>and</strong>), the criminal law contains provisions making it a criminal offence to incite hatred, violence or discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation (hate speech) as well as the law to consider homophobic intent as an aggravating factor in common crime (hate crime). In four EU Member States (Germany, Estonia, Irel<strong>and</strong>, Lithuania) the criminal law contains provisions making it a criminal offence to incite hatred, violence or discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation (but the law does not consider homophobic intent as an aggravating factor in common crime). One EU Member State (Finl<strong>and</strong>) considers homophobic intent as an aggravating factor in common crime (but has no provisions making it a criminal offence to incite hatred, violence or discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation). In 13 EU Member States (Latvia, Luxembourg, Pol<strong>and</strong>, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus <strong>and</strong> Malta) it is neither a criminal offence nor an aggravating factor. 61 For more information on legislation see European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2008) <strong>Homophobia</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Discrimination</strong> on Grounds of Sexual Orientation in the EU Member States: Part I - Legal Analysis.
Page 2 and 3: European Union Agency for Fundament
Page 4 and 5: Foreword On December 18 2008 the UN
Page 6 and 7: Contents FOREWORD .................
Page 8 and 9: Executive Summary Background The pr
Page 10 and 11: Fear of discrimination, homophobia
Page 12 and 13: usually young men in groups. In rec
Page 14 and 15: Bullying and haras
Page 16 and 17: Asylum Although all Member States r
Page 18 and 19: Opinions According to Art 4(1)(d) o
Page 20 and 21: more public awareness on LGBT issue
Page 22 and 23: 25. Sports organisations or institu
Page 24 and 25: Introduction ‘Respect for the rig
Page 26 and 27: Clarification of terms and<
Page 28 and 29: assigned to them at birth. This inc
Page 30 and 31: Methodology The present analysis re
Page 32 and 33: PART I: Lesbians, gay men, bisexual
Page 34 and 35: in 2003 by the Campaign Against <st
Page 36 and 37: impact that I think profoundly affe
Page 38 and 39: These results come as no surprise.
Page 42 and 43: Legislation regarding homophobic ha
Page 44 and 45: and National Equal
Page 46 and 47: 'A group of young people from my to
Page 48 and 49: Several factors may contribute to t
Page 50 and 51: eveal that the National Equality Bo
Page 52 and 53: 'We must say a clear "no" to all th
Page 54 and 55: The Office of the Equal Opportuniti
Page 56 and 57: Bans In recent years there have bee
Page 58 and 59: news media. Violent attacks on demo
Page 60 and 61: efused to rent office space to the
Page 62 and 63: A Finnish study 153 indicated that
Page 64 and 65: National Equality Bodies There is a
Page 66 and 67: Interviews with National Equality B
Page 68 and 69: Research on workplace experiences T
Page 70 and 71: Another United Kingdom study, 194 b
Page 72 and 73: Conclusions LGBT persons are subjec
Page 74 and 75: In interview, the Belgian LGBT NGO
Page 76 and 77: ‘horseplay’ or ‘messing aroun
Page 78 and 79: LGBT youth examined suggested that
Page 80 and 81: educational curricula, as it contri
Page 82 and 83: on the grounds of their sexual orie
Page 84 and 85: 'I was an out patient at hospital <
Page 86 and 87: general population, and</st
Page 88 and 89: I.7. Religious institutions It was
Page 90 and 91:
specified. The EU has criticized th
Page 92 and 93:
I.8. Sports This section addresses
Page 94 and 95:
issue of homophobia or the situatio
Page 96 and 97:
I.9. Media This section examines ho
Page 98 and 99:
appear as heterosexuals in order to
Page 100 and 101:
Conclusions Incidents of homophobic
Page 102 and 103:
In other Member States data indicat
Page 104 and 105:
interaction with police was support
Page 106 and 107:
Conclusions All the Member States i
Page 108 and 109:
National Council for Combating <str
Page 110 and 111:
empowering ethnic minority LGBT peo
Page 112 and 113:
Conclusions People with multiple id
Page 114 and 115:
ief overview is given here in order
Page 116 and 117:
e closely linked with, among other
Page 118 and 119:
sexual abuse (4 per cent) were also
Page 120 and 121:
eported that they were afraid of ha
Page 122 and 123:
The Labour Market There is no evide
Page 124 and 125:
to to provide LGBTQ student organis
Page 126 and 127:
towards gender identity are common
Page 128 and 129:
Good practice: In the United Kingdo
Page 130 and 131:
Elderly transgender people have bee
Page 132 and 133:
Homophobia, transp
Page 134 and 135:
Annex 1 Country Report Authors Coun
Page 136 and 137:
Annex 2 Stakeholder E - Questionnai
Page 138 and 139:
2. A minority accepts 3. Half of p
Page 140 and 141:
4. Almost full recognition 5. Tota
Page 142 and 143:
4. Good protection 5. High protect
Page 144 and 145:
31. Please state your assessment of
Page 146 and 147:
Asylum and family
Page 148 and 149:
48. Primary education (Basic school
Page 150 and 151:
Don't know Does not apply/Not rele
Page 152 and 153:
4. Somewhat high level of awareness
Page 154 and 155:
76. If you have any further comment
Page 156:
European Union Agency for Fundament
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