Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Table 2. Prices of inputs and products on dual-purpose cattle farms in Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua. Variable Costa Rica (n=21) 118 Honduras (n=20) Nicaragua (n=37) Milk Weighted price (US$/kg) Rainy season 0.22 0.26 0.21 Processing plant 0.27 0.18 0.21 Middlemen 0.17 0.21 0.17 Farmgate Dry season 0.20 NA* 0.18 Processing plant 0.27 0.31 0.24 Middlemen 0.17 0.34 0.27 Farmgate Producers (%) sell milk to 0.21 NA 0.28 Processing plant 42 65 11 Middlemen 29 35 46 Other producers 29 0 38 Meat (US$/kg culled cow) Use of labor 0.62 0.80 0.65 Permanent (no. of people/farm) 1.52 2.95 3.36 Temporary (no. of work days/farm per year) 4 31 27 Labor cost (US$/day) a 9.3 3.6 2.3 Efficiency (no. of cows/person) 17.3 15.2 13.2 Land value (US$/ha) Animals (US$/animal) 3,676 2,078 612 Cow 540 750 485 Heifer 500 415 330 Weaned calf 160 140 110 Bull Input prices (US$/kg) 600 800 550 Chicken manure 0.04 NA 0.065 Molasses 0.08 0.09 0.08 Commercial feed concentrate 0.19 0.21 0.19 Salt 0.13 0.12 0.12 Minerals 0.94 0.86 0.95 a Includes social benefits estimated at 44% for Costa Rica and 17% for Honduras and Nicaragua. * NA = Not available.
Table 3. Amount of feed supplements used on dual-purpose cattle farms in Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Feed supplement Consumption (kg/cow per year) Costa Rica Honduras Nicaragua (n=21) (n=20) (n=37) Chicken manure 496.7 NA* 410.6 Commercial feed concentrate 508.6 292.0 NA Rice polishing 137.3 NA NA Molasses 41.3 87.3 70.5 Salt 38.1 7.8 24.1 Minerals * NA = Not available. 19.0 20.9 12.4 Analysis of Potential Benefits of New Forage Germplasm This study aims to estimate the potential benefits of new forage germplasm, with different levels of adoption on-farm and at the regional level in the dry tropical hillside areas where the the Tropileche Consortium operates. The alternatives analyzed were Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens, and B. dictyoneura, as well as the legumes Cratylia argentea and Arachis pintoi, and sugarcane as energy source. Table 4 presents the nutritional parameters and biomass production of all forage alternatives evaluated in this study using the simulation model. Animal management parameters were taken from farm averages in each country so that they represented the current conditions of management and resource use (Tables 1 to 3). The situation prevailing during the study was evaluated for each region within each country and this, in turn, was compared against three levels of adoption. Similarly, the following parameters were estimated to compare the different scenarios: • Additional investment in the new germplasm (per farm and per cow in the herd) • Net income (per hectare and per cow) after discounting fixed and variable costs amd use of family labor valued as minimum wage cost • Milk productivity/ha 119
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
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Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
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At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
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In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
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(Continued) Component Activity Outs
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Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
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FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
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RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
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during the rainy season, samplings
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Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Table 3. Effect of three types of p
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References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
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Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
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Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
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Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
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Table 1. Effect of level and freque
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Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
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Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
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argentea (taking into account cutti
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Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
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A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
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argentea is recommended over the us
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The silos were left to ferment for
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References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
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y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
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Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
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Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
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Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
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Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
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increase in milk yield when offered
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Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
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associated pasture. Also, the perce
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that of cows grazing sole cropped p
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Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
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Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
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Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
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Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
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Table 1. Average milk production, t
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Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
Page 81 and 82: U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
Page 83 and 84: In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86: Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88: Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90: Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92: Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 93 and 94: Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
Page 97 and 98: Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100: Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102: Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
Page 103 and 104: Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106: Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108: Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110: Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112: Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114: Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116: With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118: Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120: Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122: Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
Page 123 and 124: with a dry season between May and A
Page 125 and 126: From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128: Research Recommendations Based on r
Page 129 and 130: Materials and Methods Data for this
Page 131: Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
Page 135 and 136: adoption level requires the lowest
Page 137 and 138: Table 6. Use of a simulation model
Page 139 and 140: The production cost/kg milk was low
Page 141 and 142: level of adoption can be regarded a
Page 143 and 144: income was lower or equal to 6 mont
Page 145 and 146: Table 10. Annual seed requirements
Page 147 and 148: Nicaragua. In addition, this level
Page 149 and 150: Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
Page 151 and 152: Results and Discussion Collection o
Page 153 and 154: Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
Page 155 and 156: The third need identified in Hondur
Page 157 and 158: artisan cheese factories milk with
Page 159 and 160: Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
Page 161 and 162: Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
Page 163 and 164: Production of Brochures for Extensi
Page 165 and 166: with heavy soils and frequent rains
Page 167 and 168: systems, its use by ruminants can b
Page 169 and 170: Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
Page 171 and 172: growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
Page 173 and 174: Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
Page 175 and 176: International Seminars Argel, P. J.
Page 177 and 178: LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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