Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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As in Experiment 1, the consumption of fresh and ensiled C. argentea was good and the percentage of rejection by animals was 10%, mainly stems. The experience with legume silage in the tropics is limited. In Cuba, Ojeda (1999) found that grass/legume silage had good quality. Reagen (1999) found that Cassia silage presented 12% CP and 58% IVDMD. In the process of ensiling legumes, fermentation is mainly dominated by clostridia, which can be attributed to the high buffer capacity, low soluble carbohydrate content in water, and, to a less extent, to the low DM content (Pezo et al., 1989). Kass and Rodríguez (1987), cited by Pezo et al. (1989), observed a high amount of volatile nitrogen (ammonium) and low levels of lactic acid in silage of Gliricidia sepium. Conclusions The following conclusions were reached: • Cratylia argentea, used as a protein supplement during the dry season, can substitute chicken manure completely in milk cows, while it reduces the farmer’s dependency on off-farm resources and improves the quality of the diet offered. • The nutritional quality of the milk produced by cows on diets of fresh or ensiled C. argentea is better in terms of fat and total solids. • Profits were higher when milk production involved fresh and ensiled C. argentea than when chicken manure was used because of the higher production and better-quality milk. • Additional studies should be conducted on milk quality and maximum voluntary consumption of Cratylia. Different types of silos and silage systems should also be studied. References González, D.; Kass, M.; Ojeda, F. and Wernli, C. 1990. Conservación de Forrajes. In: Nutrición de rumiantes, guía metodológica de investigación. Ruiz, M. E. and Ruiz, A. (eds). IICA. Red de Investigación en Sistemas de Producción Animal en Latinoamérica. Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA), San José, Costa Rica. p. 177-237. 64
Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analysis of feeding experiments with milking dairy cattle. 2nd Series no. 18. North Carolina State University. Mimeograph. Ojeda, F. 1999. Harvesting and ensiling techniques. Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes “Indio Hatuey”, Cuba. In: FAO Electronic Conference on Tropical Silage. 10 p. Pezo, D.; Kass, M.; Benavides, J.; Romero, F.; and Cháves, C. 1989. Potential of legume tree fodder as animal feed in Central America. In: Devendra, C. (ed). Shrubs and tree fodders for farm animals. Proceedings of a workshop held in Denpasar, Indonesia. 13 p. Reagan, C. 1999. Wet season silage production at Taminmin High School. FAO Electronic Conference on Tropical Silage. 4 p. Steel, R. D. and Torrie, J. C. 1988. Bioestadística: principios y procedimientos. 2nd ed. Translated by Ricardo Martínez. Mexico, McGraw-Hill. 622 p. 65
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
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Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
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At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
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In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
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(Continued) Component Activity Outs
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Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
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FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
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RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
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during the rainy season, samplings
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Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Table 3. Effect of three types of p
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References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 29 and 30: Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Effect of level and freque
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40: argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46: argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72: Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74: Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76: Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77: Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 81 and 82: U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
Page 83 and 84: In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86: Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88: Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90: Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92: Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 93 and 94: Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
Page 97 and 98: Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100: Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102: Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
Page 103 and 104: Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106: Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108: Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110: Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112: Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114: Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116: With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118: Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120: Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122: Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
Page 123 and 124: with a dry season between May and A
Page 125 and 126: From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128: Research Recommendations Based on r
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Materials and Methods Data for this
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Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
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Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
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adoption level requires the lowest
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Table 6. Use of a simulation model
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The production cost/kg milk was low
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level of adoption can be regarded a
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income was lower or equal to 6 mont
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Table 10. Annual seed requirements
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Nicaragua. In addition, this level
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Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
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Results and Discussion Collection o
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Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
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The third need identified in Hondur
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artisan cheese factories milk with
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Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
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Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
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Production of Brochures for Extensi
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with heavy soils and frequent rains
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systems, its use by ruminants can b
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Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
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growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
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Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
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International Seminars Argel, P. J.
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LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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