Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Table 3. Average milk production and composition, cost of supplementary feeding (fresh or ensiled Cratylia argentea and chicken manure), milk income, and cost:benefit ratio of diets offered to dual-purpose cows. Treatments Milk yield (kg/cow per day) Total solids (%) Fat (%) 30 Cost of supplementary feeding ($/kg milk) Income ($/kg milk) C:B ratio Ensiled Cratylia 5.09 b* 12.3 3.7 0.17 0.27 1.58 Fresh Cratylia 5.47 a 12.2 3.5 0.11 0.27 2.37 Chicken manure 5.26 a b 11.7 3.0 0.22 0.26 1.14 * Values in the same column followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (P < 0.05), according to Duncan’s test. Experiment 3. Table 3 shows the effect on milk yield per treatment. Milk yield averaged 6.0 kg milk/cow/day and there were no significant differences between treatments. Milk fat was lower (2.7%) for the treatment that had a higher amount of sugarcane in the diet, but differences were not significant. The results clearly show that Cratylia can be used as a substitute for chicken manure, at least up to 82% of the diet. Conclusions In recent years, most farmers with dual-purpose cattle have produced milk during the dry season using chicken manure. Results clearly show that Cratylia can largely replace chicken manure as a protein supplement, without significantly reducing milk yield. The growing demand for chicken manure to supplement dairy cows has increased its price in many tropical regions and farmers can no longer afford to buy it. By introducing C. argentea to cattle production systems in the Pacific region, the use of chicken manure has decreased in farms participating in the Tropileche Consortium to such degree that this year practically none was purchased. Therefore, the legume technology being promoted for dual-purpose cattle farms could allow small producers to have access to a farm-grown protein supplement and increase their cash flow and profits. In addition, spontaneous adoption of C. argentea is occurring in other locations in Costa Rica. During the last 12 months, 84 kg of experimental seed has been sold to 28 farmers located in three different sites: Guanacaste, Nicoya, and around Esparza. The most economical option for a producer in the dry season is to supplement cows with fresh Cratylia. The next best option is to supplement with ensiled Cratylia. The least economical option is to supplement cows with chicken manure. As a result, the use of legume silage such as C.
argentea is recommended over the use of chicken manure. In addition, the use of legume silage allows producers to use smaller areas because more edible biomass is produced for dry season supplementation, especially in situations where the opportunity cost for labor during the rainy season is low. 31
Page 1 and 2: Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
Page 3 and 4: Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
Page 5 and 6: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 7 and 8: At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
Page 9 and 10: In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
Page 11 and 12: (Continued) Component Activity Outs
Page 13 and 14: Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
Page 15 and 16: FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
Page 17 and 18: RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
Page 19 and 20: during the rainy season, samplings
Page 21 and 22: Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Effect of three types of p
Page 25 and 26: References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 29 and 30: Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Effect of level and freque
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40: argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72: Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74: Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76: Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78: Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80: Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
Page 81 and 82: U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
Page 83 and 84: In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86: Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88: Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90: Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92: Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 93 and 94: Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96:
Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
Page 97 and 98:
Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100:
Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102:
Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
Page 103 and 104:
Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106:
Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108:
Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110:
Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112:
Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114:
Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116:
With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118:
Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120:
Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122:
Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
Page 123 and 124:
with a dry season between May and A
Page 125 and 126:
From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128:
Research Recommendations Based on r
Page 129 and 130:
Materials and Methods Data for this
Page 131 and 132:
Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
Page 133 and 134:
Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
Page 135 and 136:
adoption level requires the lowest
Page 137 and 138:
Table 6. Use of a simulation model
Page 139 and 140:
The production cost/kg milk was low
Page 141 and 142:
level of adoption can be regarded a
Page 143 and 144:
income was lower or equal to 6 mont
Page 145 and 146:
Table 10. Annual seed requirements
Page 147 and 148:
Nicaragua. In addition, this level
Page 149 and 150:
Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
Page 151 and 152:
Results and Discussion Collection o
Page 153 and 154:
Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
Page 155 and 156:
The third need identified in Hondur
Page 157 and 158:
artisan cheese factories milk with
Page 159 and 160:
Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
Page 161 and 162:
Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
Page 163 and 164:
Production of Brochures for Extensi
Page 165 and 166:
with heavy soils and frequent rains
Page 167 and 168:
systems, its use by ruminants can b
Page 169 and 170:
Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
Page 171 and 172:
growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
Page 173 and 174:
Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
Page 175 and 176:
International Seminars Argel, P. J.
Page 177 and 178:
LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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