Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Evaluation of Brachiaria decumbens Alone and Associated with Arachis pintoi on Milk Production and Milk Components Francisco Romero and Jesús González ECAG, Costa Rica Arachis pintoi was initially used in association with grasses in the humid tropics. One of the strategies proposed by the Tropileche Consortium for Costa Rica was to search for alternatives to improve livestock feeding in those regions where producers find it difficult to maintain a sustainable production during the dry season. One of these alternatives is the use of Bracharia decumbens/Arachis pintoi pastures. Objectives • To evaluate milk production and milk components in cows grazing a pasture of Brachiaria decumbens alone, B. decumbens associated with A. pintoi, and B. decumbens mixed with Hyparrhenia rufa. • To evaluate the availability, quality, and dynamics of the botanical composition of the above-mentioned pastures. Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out at the Escuela Centroamericana de Ganadería (ECAG, its Spanish acronym), located in Balsa de Atenas, Costa Rica, at an altitude of 460 masl. The mean annual temperature is 28 °C, with an average annual precipitation of 1,500 mm and well-defined dry (December to May) and rainy seasons (June to November). A degraded pasture of B. decumbens invaded by jaragua grass (H. rufa), another of B. decumbens in good conditions, and a 10-year-old pasture of B. decumbens associated with A. pintoi (CIAT 18744) were used. Each pasture was divided in two paddocks (1.25 ha each). One paddock was used for animal adjustment (7 days) and the other for measurements (7 days). Grazing consisted of 35 days of rest and 7 days of occupation. The experiment began in October 1995 with the establishment of A. pintoi in a degraded B. decumbens pasture using plant material sown in furrows spaced 1 m apart. The pasture was first grazed at 30 days, and evaluations began in July 1996 and finished in July 2000. Every year, 4
during the rainy season, samplings were carried out in the paddocks to measure botanical composition, forage availability, and quality of forage on offer. These measurements were performed on Day 1 of the measurement period. Jersey cows of the ECAG herd, of different categories and stages of lactation, were used. Their milk production was measured the 7 days of the measurement period, and milk components were measured on Day 4. Results Forage availability. Table 1 indicates that more forage was available in the associated pasture than in the other pastures evaluated. Results indicate that 33% more forage was available in the associated pasture as compared with the B. decumbens + H. rufa pasture and 39% more than that of the pasture of B. decumbens alone. Table 1. Forage availability in terms of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) content, and IVDMD of pastures evaluated in ECAG, Costa Rica. Pastures DM (t/ha per cycle*) 5 CP (%) IVDMD (%) Brachiaria decumbens + Arachis pintoi 3.2 a** 14.0 a 69.3 a B. decumbens + Hyparrhenia rufa 2.4 b 10.2 b 63.2 b B. decumbens 2.3 b 11.4 b 67.8 a Significance (P < ) 0.0018 0.0002 0.0001 * Grazing cycle every 30-35 days. ** Averages with the same letters within the column do not differ significantly (P < 0.05), according to Duncan’s test. In addition to the increase in availability of dry matter (DM), the inclusion of the legume had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on crude protein (CP) content and on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of pastures on offer. In the first case, an increase of approximately 3% was obtained and in the second, more than 4%. Similar results were obtained by González (1992) and Van Heurck (1990) in pastures of African star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) alone and associated with A. pintoi. Stocking rate. In 1996, at the beginning of the trial, the same stocking rate was used in all pastures (Table 2). In 1997, the stocking rate was increased in the B. decumbens + A. pintoi pasture to 3.2 AU/ha but was maintained the same in the other pastures (2.5 AU/ha). During 1998 and 1999 the excellent conditions of the associated legume pasture allowed stocking rates above 4 AU/ha, which was almost 1 AU/ha higher than that of the other pastures.
Page 1 and 2: Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
Page 3 and 4: Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
Page 5 and 6: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 7 and 8: At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
Page 9 and 10: In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
Page 11 and 12: (Continued) Component Activity Outs
Page 13 and 14: Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
Page 15 and 16: FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
Page 17: RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
Page 21 and 22: Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Effect of three types of p
Page 25 and 26: References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 29 and 30: Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Effect of level and freque
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40: argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46: argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70:
Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72:
Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74:
Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76:
Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78:
Table 1. Average milk production, t
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Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
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U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
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In the case of king grass, estimate
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Milk production during the season o
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Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
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Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92:
Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
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Application of the Model to Researc
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Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
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Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
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Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
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Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
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Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
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Resource prices and capital investm
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Table 3. Direct production costs, g
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Production costs decreased as produ
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Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
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Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
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With this alternative, the milk pro
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Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
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Table 2. Change in area of improved
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Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
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with a dry season between May and A
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From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
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Research Recommendations Based on r
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Materials and Methods Data for this
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Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
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Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
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adoption level requires the lowest
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Table 6. Use of a simulation model
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The production cost/kg milk was low
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level of adoption can be regarded a
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income was lower or equal to 6 mont
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Table 10. Annual seed requirements
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Nicaragua. In addition, this level
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Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
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Results and Discussion Collection o
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Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
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The third need identified in Hondur
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artisan cheese factories milk with
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Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
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Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
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Production of Brochures for Extensi
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with heavy soils and frequent rains
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systems, its use by ruminants can b
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Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
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growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
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Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
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International Seminars Argel, P. J.
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LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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