Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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In Vivo Studies on the Complementarity between Forage Basal Diets and Legume Supplements Wilson Quiñonez, Patricia Avila, and Carlos Lascano CIAT, Colombia Previous results from confined feeding trials suggested that when supplementing available forage sources on the farm to overcome nutrient deficiencies in ruminants, it is important to synchronize feeding of the higher quality forage supplement with the basal forage so that energy and protein are available concurrently. Also, synergism among forages may vary not only with the types of forages fed but also with how they are fed (for example, amount and frequency). Materials and Methods Eight African type wethers (24 kg LW, on average) were fed a low-quality basal grass diet, and were randomly allocated to four supplementation treatments, arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square design, consisting of sugarcane (60%) mixed with Cratylia argentea (40%). Treatments were as follows: T1, low level of supplementation (0.5% LW) fed once a day (a.m.); T2, high level of supplementation (1.0% LW) fed once a day (a.m.); T3, low level of supplementation (0.5% LW) fed twice a day (a.m.+ p.m.); and T4, high level of supplementation (1% LW) fed twice a day (a.m. + p.m.). Measurements included quality of the basal diet, intake of supplements offered, digestibility, and N balance. Results The low-quality basal grass diet was low in CP (4.8%) and high in cell wall content (79% NDF and 44% ADF). On the other hand, chopped sugarcane, fed as an energy supplement, was low in CP (3.1%) but had low cell wall content (39% NDF and 24% ADF). The legume (Cratylia leaves) fed had high CP (21%) and high cell wall contents (67% NDF and 37% ADF). Thus the supplement fed was high in energy and medium in protein (10% dry basis). Intake of the basal diet did not differ among treatments, but there were differences in supplement intake due to treatments. As expected, intake of sugarcane and Cratylia tended to be higher when fed at the highest level. However, it is interesting to note that when supplements were offered at the high level, intake of sugarcane and Cratylia increased with twice-aday feeding compared with once-a-day feeding (Table 1). 18
Table 1. Effect of level and frequency of supplementation with sugar cane and Cratylia on intake and digestibility of African wethers fed a low-quality basal grass diet (Quilichao, Cauca, Colombia). Parameter DM intake (g/kg LW per day) a.m. b 0.5% LW Frequency and level of supplementation a a.m. 1% LW 19 a.m. + p.m. c 0.5% LW a.m. + p.m. 1% LW Basal diet (grass) 25.7 25.2 25.2 25.7 0.8 Sugarcane 2.5 b* 3.3 b 2.8 b 4.0 a 0.4 Cratylia Digestibility (%) 2.0 c 3.1 b 2.0 c 3.6 a 0.1 IVDMD 53.0 53.0 55.4 56.6 1.7 NDF 54.1 54.3 57.7 57.1 1.8 ADF 51.6 50.7 54.3 53.1 1.9 a. 60% sugarcane + 40% Cratylia argentea (leaves). b. Supplement fed once a day at 0.5% or 1% LW. c. Supplement fed twice a day at 0.5% or 1% LW. d. Standard error. * Values in the same column followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (P < 0.05), according to Duncan’s test. These differences in intake of supplements were not reflected in significant changes in DM or cell wall digestibility. Nevertheless, there was a tendency for higher digestibility with twice-a-day feeding at both levels of supplementation. As expected, N intake was highest with increased level of supplementation (Table 2); however, intake was highest when wethers were fed twice a day. Because fecal and urinary N did not change with treatment, N retention was greater when sheep were given the forage-based supplements at the high level and twice a day. SE d
Page 1 and 2: Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
Page 3 and 4: Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
Page 5 and 6: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 7 and 8: At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
Page 9 and 10: In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
Page 11 and 12: (Continued) Component Activity Outs
Page 13 and 14: Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
Page 15 and 16: FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
Page 17 and 18: RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
Page 19 and 20: during the rainy season, samplings
Page 21 and 22: Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Effect of three types of p
Page 25 and 26: References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 29 and 30: Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
Page 31: Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40: argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46: argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72: Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74: Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76: Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78: Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80: Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
Page 81 and 82: U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
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In the case of king grass, estimate
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Milk production during the season o
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Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
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Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
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Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
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Application of the Model to Researc
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Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
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Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
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Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
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Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
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Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
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Resource prices and capital investm
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Table 3. Direct production costs, g
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Production costs decreased as produ
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Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
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Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
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With this alternative, the milk pro
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Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
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Table 2. Change in area of improved
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Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
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with a dry season between May and A
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From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
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Research Recommendations Based on r
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Materials and Methods Data for this
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Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
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Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
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adoption level requires the lowest
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Table 6. Use of a simulation model
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The production cost/kg milk was low
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level of adoption can be regarded a
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income was lower or equal to 6 mont
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Table 10. Annual seed requirements
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Nicaragua. In addition, this level
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Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
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Results and Discussion Collection o
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Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
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The third need identified in Hondur
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artisan cheese factories milk with
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Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
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Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
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Production of Brochures for Extensi
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with heavy soils and frequent rains
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systems, its use by ruminants can b
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Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
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growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
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Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
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International Seminars Argel, P. J.
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LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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