Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Activity 1.2 Use of forage resources and supplementation of cows during the dry season Highlights • The response of cows in terms of milk yield to forage legume supplementation, either fresh or as silage, and sugarcane is similar to that obtained with protein sources from commercial feed concentrates. • Direct grazing of shrub legumes increases milk yields as compared with the cut-and-carry system. • Legumes supply protein to forage basal diets that are usually nitrogen deficient. • Highly fermentable carbohydrates can stimulate the degradation of less fermentable fiber. • The use of additives in the form of carbohydrates improves the quality of silage from shrub legumes. 14
Evaluation of Milk Production Systems using Cratylia argentea Carlos Lascano, Paula Toro, and Patricia Avila CIAT, Colombia Dual-purpose livestock production accounts for 78% of the livestock and 41% of the milk produced in tropical Latin America. This type of exploitation is mainly found on smallholdings (Rivas, 1992) that depend, to a large extent, on forage resources that present nutritional limitations and therefore restrict animal productivity. Forage legumes are an alternative to improve animal nutrition in dualpurpose systems. This is case of the shrub legume Cratylia argentea, a species that adapts well to acid soils and preserves most of its leaves during the dry season. However, the use of cut-and-carry Cratylia in some areas of the tropics is not viable because of the high labor costs involved. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cratylia supplementation to cows in both cutand-carry system and under direct grazing on Brachiaria decumbens pastures. Materials and Methods The study was conducted during two contrasting seasons, at the CIAT experiment station in Santander de Quilichao (Cauca, Colombia), located 990 masl, with annual rainfall averaging 1,700 mm. Trial 1 was carried out from August to October 1999, a period corresponding to minimum precipitation (water balance 50 mm). Trials were arranged in a Latin square design (3 x 3) with the following treatments: T1, B. decumbens associated with C. argentea under direct grazing; T2, B. decumbens with access to C. argentea at 1.5% DM live weight (cut-and-carry); and T3, B. decumbens alone, as check. Each treatment was assigned to a 1-ha grazing area, divided into two equal sections to allow 7 days for adjustment and 7 days for measurement. The animals spent 14 days in each treatment, for a total of 42 days. The stocking rate for each trial was 2 cows/ha; six crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows with similar lactation status (second third) and milk production levels were used. Results 15
Page 1 and 2: Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
Page 3 and 4: Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
Page 5 and 6: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 7 and 8: At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
Page 9 and 10: In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
Page 11 and 12: (Continued) Component Activity Outs
Page 13 and 14: Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
Page 15 and 16: FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
Page 17 and 18: RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
Page 19 and 20: during the rainy season, samplings
Page 21 and 22: Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Effect of three types of p
Page 25 and 26: References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
Page 27: Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Effect of level and freque
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40: argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46: argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72: Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74: Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76: Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78: Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80:
Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
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U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
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In the case of king grass, estimate
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Milk production during the season o
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Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
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Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92:
Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
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Application of the Model to Researc
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Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
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Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
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Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
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Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
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Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
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Resource prices and capital investm
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Table 3. Direct production costs, g
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Production costs decreased as produ
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Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
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Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
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With this alternative, the milk pro
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Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
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Table 2. Change in area of improved
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Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
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with a dry season between May and A
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From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
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Research Recommendations Based on r
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Materials and Methods Data for this
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Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
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Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
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adoption level requires the lowest
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Table 6. Use of a simulation model
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The production cost/kg milk was low
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level of adoption can be regarded a
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income was lower or equal to 6 mont
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Table 10. Annual seed requirements
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Nicaragua. In addition, this level
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Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
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Results and Discussion Collection o
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Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
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The third need identified in Hondur
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artisan cheese factories milk with
Page 159 and 160:
Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
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Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
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Production of Brochures for Extensi
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with heavy soils and frequent rains
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systems, its use by ruminants can b
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Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
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growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
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Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
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International Seminars Argel, P. J.
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LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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