Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Effect of Using Centrosema macrocarpum on Milk Production in the Alto Mayo Region of the Peruvian Amazon Deisy Lara and Keneth Reátegui FUNDAAM and DEPAAM, Peru The inclusion of forage legumes is a production strategy that allows production to be optimized and nutritional deficiencies of grass pastures to be overcome. This alternative also makes better use of animal genotypes, land, and producer’s capacities. The Alto Mayo region covers 630,735 hectares, of which 346,452 hectares are suitable for grasslands. Of these 40% are not being used. A survey carried out in March of this year indicated that the Alto Mayo region has potential for livestock activities. Additional surveys indicated that the region offers good possibilities of livestock production on pastures planted to Brachiaria decumbens, B. brizantha and cut-andcarry grasses. On the other hand, Centrosema macrocarpum in protein banks and as cut-and-carry forage has proved to be a good alternative to improve the diets offered to grazing animals. The experiment aimed to: (1) measure the increase in milk production and the weight gain in calves attributed to the use of C. macrocarpum to feed dairy cows; and (2) compare the farmers’ traditional system with a system based on Centrosema in terms of economic merit. Materials and Methods Two 1-ha plots were planted on two farms located in Nueva Cajamarca and Soritor during September 1999. Planting density of Centrosema in both plots was high, with 0.4 m x 0.4 m between plants and 8 kg seed/ha. A 95% coverage was reached at 5.5 months. A completely randomized design was used with three treatments and seven cows/treatment, over a 10-week period. The following model was used: Y ij = U + T j + E ij where: Y ij = milk production 66
U = overall mean Tj = effect of the n-nth treatment (i=3) Eij = experimental error Treatments were as follows: T1, cut-and-carry grass (king grass) restricted to milking; T2, 50% amount of cut-and-carry grass provided in T1 and 50% of Centrosema provided in T3, restricted to milking; and T3, 100% Centrosema restricted to milking. Milking was done manually, once a day with calf on foot. After milking, calves were allowed to suckle for 5 minutes and were then transferred to pens. Crossbred dairy Gyr x Holstein cows were used and left to graze on the pasture 6 hours/day, after which they were taken to a pen where they received chopped king grass. Control variables were: consumption of supplementary forage; milk production, kg/cow per day during periods of maximum and minimum precipitation; production costs of supplementary feed: and economic evaluation of results. To measure consumption of supplementary forage (kg DM/cow per day), Centrosema and king grass were separately cut, carried, and chopped with machete and supplied at milking. Forage on offer and forage rejected were monitored the first 15 days of adjustment to determine the amount of forage needed during the experimental phase and thus estimate average intake per treatment. Milk production (kg/cow per day) was measured 4 days per week. To date of this report, production data had already been determined for two periods of maximum and minimum precipitation. Costs of producing supplementary feed considered establishment costs and maintenance costs per hectare and the cost of cutting and transporting forage. The following evaluations were carried out to calculate total volume of forage (C. macrocarpum and king grass)/ha per year: forage availability (kg DM/ha) in random samples taken at the beginning of each grazing cycle; time of pasture recovery: and pasture coverage at 20, 45, and 60 days after initiating grazing. Economic merit was evaluated using the following formula: 67
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
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Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
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At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
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In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
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(Continued) Component Activity Outs
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Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
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FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
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RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
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during the rainy season, samplings
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Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Table 3. Effect of three types of p
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References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
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Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 29 and 30: Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Effect of level and freque
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40: argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46: argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72: Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74: Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76: Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78: Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79: Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
Page 83 and 84: In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86: Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88: Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90: Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92: Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 93 and 94: Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
Page 97 and 98: Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100: Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102: Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
Page 103 and 104: Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106: Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108: Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110: Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112: Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114: Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116: With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118: Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120: Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122: Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
Page 123 and 124: with a dry season between May and A
Page 125 and 126: From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128: Research Recommendations Based on r
Page 129 and 130: Materials and Methods Data for this
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Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
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Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
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adoption level requires the lowest
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Table 6. Use of a simulation model
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The production cost/kg milk was low
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level of adoption can be regarded a
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income was lower or equal to 6 mont
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Table 10. Annual seed requirements
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Nicaragua. In addition, this level
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Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
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Results and Discussion Collection o
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Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
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The third need identified in Hondur
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artisan cheese factories milk with
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Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
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Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
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Production of Brochures for Extensi
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with heavy soils and frequent rains
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systems, its use by ruminants can b
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Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
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growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
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Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
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International Seminars Argel, P. J.
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LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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