Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Decision Tools to Overcome Nutrition Constraints in Dual-Purpose Cattle in Agro-Silvopastoral Systems Net Carbohydrate and Protein System Model Federico Holmann and Robert W. Blake CIAT-ILRI and University of Cornell The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model was developed to predict the nutrient requirements of cattle and feed utilization by different types of animals with diverse environmental and management conditions. It is a structure that was designed to integrate and apply nutritional knowledge to: • Solve feeding problems and reduce feed cost/production unit • Set research priorities • Design sensitive experiments • Interpret experimental results • Teach the application of biological principles through the integration of knowledge, and • Minimize nutrient excretion into the environment per unit of product produced. The CNCPS simulates the effects of nutrient intake, ruminal fermentation, intestinal digestion, absorption, and metabolism on nutrient utilization and cattle performance. Specific uses of the model are to: • Predict the effects of feed composition and quantity on cattle performance • Predict the effects of digestive and metabolic modifiers on cattle performance • Evaluate and balance rations for the host animal and rumen bacteria • Adjust cattle requirements and estimates of performance for different environmental conditions, and • Simulate and predict the effects of gastrointestinal parameters on feed utilization Thus, this model predicts nutrient requirements and nutrient pool sizes interacting with changing diet composition available to animals. 78
Application of the Model to Research Results at the Quilichao Station Data were collected from several trials with crossbred cows grazing Brachiaria decumbens at three stocking rates (2, 3, and 4 AU/ha) and supplemented with sugarcane and varying levels of Cratylia argentea. Chemical composition included NDF, CP, lignin, IVDMD, and DM for B. decumbens, sugarcane, and Cratylia for all trials. However, it was not possible to perform two important analyses that are also required by the model: solubility of protein (solP) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN). Thus, without these values it was not possible to calculate the protein and carbohydrate fractions. As an alternative, the values of solP and NPN for B. decumbens generated by a PhD student at Cornell for the gulf coast of Mexico were used in order to run the model as well as those for Gliricidia sepium (to emulate Cratylia) and for sugarcane available in literature. Other data from Avila (1999) included environmental and management variables. Tables 1 to 3 include composition of diets, forage consumption and availability, and actual milk yields vs. those predicted by the model. Table 1. Chemical composition of Brachiaria decumbens, sugarcane, and Cratylia argentea for the different trials at Quilichao, Colombia. Composition Brachiaria decumbens Intermediate stocking rate (3 AU/ha) 79 Sugarcane Cratylia argentea Dry matter (%) 35.0 30.5 33.5 Crude protein (%) 4.4 2.1 22.4 Neutral detergent fiber (%) 70.4 43.1 66.4 Lignin (%) 3.4 5.3 17.4 TDN (%) 52.0 66.1 48.7 Low and high stocking rate (2 and 4 AU/ha) Dry matter (%) 39.0 27.1 35.5 Crude protein (%) 3.7 2.1 20.4 Neutral detergent fiber (%) 69.0 43.1 63.4 Lignin (%) 3.2 5.3 16.1 TDN (%) 54.0 68.6 50.2
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
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Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
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At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
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In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
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(Continued) Component Activity Outs
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Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
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FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
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RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
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during the rainy season, samplings
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Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Table 3. Effect of three types of p
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References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
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Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
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Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
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Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
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Table 1. Effect of level and freque
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Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
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Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
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argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46: argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72: Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74: Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76: Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78: Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80: Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
Page 81 and 82: U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
Page 83 and 84: In the case of king grass, estimate
Page 85 and 86: Milk production during the season o
Page 87 and 88: Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
Page 89 and 90: Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91: Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
Page 97 and 98: Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100: Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
Page 101 and 102: Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
Page 103 and 104: Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106: Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108: Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110: Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112: Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114: Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116: With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118: Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120: Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122: Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
Page 123 and 124: with a dry season between May and A
Page 125 and 126: From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128: Research Recommendations Based on r
Page 129 and 130: Materials and Methods Data for this
Page 131 and 132: Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
Page 133 and 134: Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
Page 135 and 136: adoption level requires the lowest
Page 137 and 138: Table 6. Use of a simulation model
Page 139 and 140: The production cost/kg milk was low
Page 141 and 142: level of adoption can be regarded a
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income was lower or equal to 6 mont
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Table 10. Annual seed requirements
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Nicaragua. In addition, this level
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Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
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Results and Discussion Collection o
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Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
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The third need identified in Hondur
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artisan cheese factories milk with
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Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
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Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
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Production of Brochures for Extensi
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with heavy soils and frequent rains
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systems, its use by ruminants can b
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Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
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growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
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Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
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International Seminars Argel, P. J.
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LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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