Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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• The production of milk in watersheds in the dry tropics where the Tropileche Consortium operates is seasonal. Production during the rainy season is practically twice that of the dry season, causing oversupply during the rainy season and scarcity of milk during the dry season. The milk shortage during the dry season in both countries leads to an unsatisfied market potential. Of artisan factories in Honduras, 55.5% would be willing to buy more milk during the dry season, and of those in Nicaragua, 75.7%, but this supply is not available because of the lack of adoption of technologies for animal feeding based on low-cost improved forages. • The above situation suggests that an aggressive program to promote the use of shrub legume C. argentea with sugarcane to supplement the milking herd during the dry season would have greater impact than the promotion of grasses and legumes for the rainy season. This technological change would reduce the need to purchase feed concentrates to supplement the herd, thus improving the cash flow of producers and increasing milk fat content. • Artisan cheese factories in both countries, but especially in Honduras, require higher quality milk, particularly during the rainy season. In Honduras these factories would be willing to pay 9.4% more during the dry season and 11.2% more during the rainy season. In Nicaragua the artisan factories would be willing to pay 17% more, but only during the rainy season. • The main need of artisan cheese factories was the improvement of infrastructure by purchasing more equipment. Future prospects for the industry seem promising in both countries. The second most important need in Honduras was to produce and purchase milk of higher hygienic quality, while in Nicaragua the second most important need was the search for new markets. The third most important need in Honduras was the lack of technical assistance to produce new types of cheese to diversify the market, while in Nicaragua it was the improvement of the quality of cheese produced. • The amount of milk necessary to produce each type of cheese varied depending on the season of the year. During the rainy season, milk production/cow was higher but contained less total solids and, as a result, more milk was required to yield the same amount of cheese as during the dry season. A genetic improvement strategy that incorporates Jersey or Brown Swiss genes into the local Zebu gene pool will allow producers to offer 142
artisan cheese factories milk with higher protein content, provided that a transparent payment system that values milk protein exists. References Argel, P. 1999a. Caracterización de sitios con potencial de adopción de germoplasma forrajero mejorado por pequeños y medianos productores de doble propósito en Honduras. Informe de Consultoría. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Cali, Colombia. Argel, P. 1999b. Caracterización de sitios con potencial de adopción de germoplasma forrajero mejorado por pequeños y medianos productores de doble propósito en Nicaragua. Informe de Consultoría. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Cali, Colombia. Cajina, A. 1994. Precios y mercado de la leche en Nicaragua. Unidad de Programa Agrícola MAG/BID/PNUD. Managua, Nicaragua. De Franco, M.; Sevilla, R.; Downing, H.; and Sandino, A. 1996. Caracterización y propuesta de estrategia para el sector semi-industrial de productos lácteos en Nicaragua. Análisis Total. Consultores en Gerencia y Economía. Managua, Nicaragua. De Franco, M.; Sacasa, N.; Raudes, R.; Sevilla, R.; and Zúñiga, L. 1995. La dinámica del mercado de productos lácteos en Nicaragua. Análisis Total. Consultores en Gerencia y Economía. Managua, Nicaragua. García, L. 1996. Resultados de la encuesta a la agroindustria de quesos artesanales en cinco departamentos de Nicaragua. Proyecto de Desarrollo Lechero, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG). Managua, Nicaragua. MAGFOR. 2000. Agricultura y Desarrollo. Servicio de Información de Precios y Mercados no. 56. Ministerio Agropecuario y Forestal. Managua, Nicaragua. Ruiz, F. 1999. Mejoramiento genético de los componentes de la leche. In: Memorias del II Seminario Internacional sobre Calidad de Leche: Competitividad y Proteína. Cooperativa Lechera COLANTA. Medellín, Colombia. Sozzi, T. 1999. Importancia de las proteínas en la leche y sus derivados. In Memorias del II Seminario Internacional sobre Calidad de Leche: Competitividad y Proteína. Cooperativa Lechera COLANTA. Medellín, Colombia. 143
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
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Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
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At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
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In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
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(Continued) Component Activity Outs
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Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
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FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
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RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
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during the rainy season, samplings
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Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Table 3. Effect of three types of p
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References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
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Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
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Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
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Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
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Table 1. Effect of level and freque
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Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
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Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
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argentea (taking into account cutti
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Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
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A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
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argentea is recommended over the us
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The silos were left to ferment for
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References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
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y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
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Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
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Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
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Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
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Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
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increase in milk yield when offered
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Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
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associated pasture. Also, the perce
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that of cows grazing sole cropped p
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Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
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Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
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Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
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Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
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Table 1. Average milk production, t
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Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
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U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
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In the case of king grass, estimate
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Milk production during the season o
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Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
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Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
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Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
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Application of the Model to Researc
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Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
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Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
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Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
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Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
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Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
Page 105 and 106: Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108: Table 3. Direct production costs, g
Page 109 and 110: Production costs decreased as produ
Page 111 and 112: Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
Page 113 and 114: Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 115 and 116: With this alternative, the milk pro
Page 117 and 118: Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120: Table 2. Change in area of improved
Page 121 and 122: Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
Page 123 and 124: with a dry season between May and A
Page 125 and 126: From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
Page 127 and 128: Research Recommendations Based on r
Page 129 and 130: Materials and Methods Data for this
Page 131 and 132: Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
Page 133 and 134: Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
Page 135 and 136: adoption level requires the lowest
Page 137 and 138: Table 6. Use of a simulation model
Page 139 and 140: The production cost/kg milk was low
Page 141 and 142: level of adoption can be regarded a
Page 143 and 144: income was lower or equal to 6 mont
Page 145 and 146: Table 10. Annual seed requirements
Page 147 and 148: Nicaragua. In addition, this level
Page 149 and 150: Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
Page 151 and 152: Results and Discussion Collection o
Page 153 and 154: Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
Page 155: The third need identified in Hondur
Page 159 and 160: Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
Page 161 and 162: Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
Page 163 and 164: Production of Brochures for Extensi
Page 165 and 166: with heavy soils and frequent rains
Page 167 and 168: systems, its use by ruminants can b
Page 169 and 170: Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
Page 171 and 172: growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
Page 173 and 174: Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
Page 175 and 176: International Seminars Argel, P. J.
Page 177 and 178: LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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