Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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Table 2. Stocking rate (AU/ha)* of pastures evaluated at ECAG, Costa Rica. Pastures Brachiaria decumbens + Arachis pintoi Evaluation periods (years) 1996 1997 1998 1999 Average 2.5 3.2 4.4 4.6 4.6 B. decumbens + Hyparrhenia rufa 2.5 2.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 B. decumbens * 1 AU = 450 kg animal liveweight. 2.5 2.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 It should be highlighted that these results correspond to the stocking rate used during the rainy season and that cows consumed commercial concentrate at a ratio of 3:1 (1kg concentrate per liter milk produced). On the other hand, it is expected that this increase in stocking rate in nonassociated pastures could be non-sustainable over time because of its accelerated degradation. Botanical composition. Figure 1 shows that the botanical composition of the associated pasture increased from 23% A. pintoi in year 1 to 43% in subsequent years of grazing. The percentage of B. decumbens was constant (59%), whereas the percentage of weeds decreased. Between 1996 and 1998, both grasses in the B. decumbens + H. rufa pasture increased slightly (5% for B. decumbens and 8% for H. rufa). Weed incidence decreased from 19% to 6% during the same period. However, in 1999, the percentage of both grasses tended to decrease while that of weeds increased. Between 1996 and 1997, in the grass pasture alone, the percentage of B. decumbens increased from 70% to 94%, whereas that of other pasture components decreased (Figure 3). In subsequent periods, the percentage of B. decumbens decreased from 94% to 83%, and weeds increased 10%. The botanical composition of the pastures partially explains the changes in stocking rate during the experimental period (Table 2). Therefore, as of 1997, the components of the associated pasture finally stabilized and allowed the stocking rate to be increased to 4.6 AU/ha. In 1998, the increased biomass of the B. decumbens + H. rufa pasture allowed the stocking rate to be increased by 1 AU/ha, reaching 3.6 AU/ha. This stocking rate, however, was apparently too high and favored pasture degradation. These results confirm that pastures of grasses and legumes in association can support higher stocking rates than non-associated pastures, without affecting their botanical composition and quality and without increasing the presence of weeds. 6
Ncidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figure 1. Botanical composition of the pasture Brachiaria decumbens + Arachis pintoi (ECAG, Costa Rica). Incidence (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 Years (between 1996 and 1999) B. decumbens A. pintoi Weeds 1 2 3 4 Years (between 1996 and 1999) Figure 2. Botanical composition of the pasture Brachiaria decumbens/Hyparrhenia rufa (E CAG , Costa Rica). 7 B. decumbens H. Rufa Malezas
Page 1 and 2: Feeding Systems with Legumes to Int
Page 3 and 4: Holmann, Federico and Lascano, Carl
Page 5 and 6: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 7 and 8: At the CIAT-Quilichao station (Depa
Page 9 and 10: In collaboration with Nicaragua’s
Page 11 and 12: (Continued) Component Activity Outs
Page 13 and 14: Activity 2.1. On-farm evaluation of
Page 15 and 16: FINAL REPORT OF THE TROPILECHE CONS
Page 17 and 18: RESEARCH RESULTS Component 1: Optim
Page 19: during the rainy season, samplings
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Effect of three types of p
Page 25 and 26: References Cipagauta, M.; Velasquez
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Effect of incorporating St
Page 29 and 30: Evaluation of Milk Production Syste
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Quality of milk produced b
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Effect of level and freque
Page 35 and 36: Effects of Feeding Fresh and Ensile
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Daily intake of dry matter
Page 39 and 40: argentea (taking into account cutti
Page 41 and 42: Evaluation of Cratylia argentea as
Page 43 and 44: A 3 x 3 Latin square changeover des
Page 45 and 46: argentea is recommended over the us
Page 47 and 48: The silos were left to ferment for
Page 49 and 50: References Argel, P. J. and Lascano
Page 51 and 52: y the Grain and Seed Research Cente
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Yields per hectare in diff
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Treatments evaluated for m
Page 57 and 58: Table 3. Dry matter and crude prote
Page 59 and 60: Activity 1.3 Functional relationshi
Page 61 and 62: increase in milk yield when offered
Page 63 and 64: Milk Production in Dual-Purpose Cow
Page 65 and 66: associated pasture. Also, the perce
Page 67 and 68: that of cows grazing sole cropped p
Page 69 and 70: Effect of Age of Regrowth and Cutti
Page 71 and 72:
Average DM yields/plant at 60 days
Page 73 and 74:
Percentage 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 F
Page 75 and 76:
Effect of Supplementing Fresh and E
Page 77 and 78:
Table 1. Average milk production, t
Page 79 and 80:
Lucas, H. L. 1983. Design and analy
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U = overall mean Tj = effect of the
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In the case of king grass, estimate
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Milk production during the season o
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Jorge Vela IIAP, Peru Use of Stylos
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Use of Stylosanthes guianensis with
Page 91 and 92:
Activity 2.3. Integration of inform
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Application of the Model to Researc
Page 95 and 96:
Table 3. Actual and predicted milk
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Usefulness of the CNCPS Model The T
Page 99 and 100:
Annual Meeting February 1998, Costa
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Regional Consultation Meeting Octob
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Ex-Ante Analysis of New Forage Alte
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Resource prices and capital investm
Page 107 and 108:
Table 3. Direct production costs, g
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Production costs decreased as produ
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Ex-ante analysis for Nicaragua. The
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Real interest (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10
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With this alternative, the milk pro
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Early Adoption of Arachis pintoi in
Page 119 and 120:
Table 2. Change in area of improved
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Table 5. Profitability of Arachis p
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with a dry season between May and A
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From 21% to 73% of the farmers grew
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Research Recommendations Based on r
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Materials and Methods Data for this
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Prices of Inputs/Outputs and Use of
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Table 3. Amount of feed supplements
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adoption level requires the lowest
Page 137 and 138:
Table 6. Use of a simulation model
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The production cost/kg milk was low
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level of adoption can be regarded a
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income was lower or equal to 6 mont
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Table 10. Annual seed requirements
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Nicaragua. In addition, this level
Page 149 and 150:
Analysis of the Milk Market of Smal
Page 151 and 152:
Results and Discussion Collection o
Page 153 and 154:
Table 2. Characteristics of milk an
Page 155 and 156:
The third need identified in Hondur
Page 157 and 158:
artisan cheese factories milk with
Page 159 and 160:
Tropileche Newsletter Federico Holm
Page 161 and 162:
Tropileche on Internet Anderson Med
Page 163 and 164:
Production of Brochures for Extensi
Page 165 and 166:
with heavy soils and frequent rains
Page 167 and 168:
systems, its use by ruminants can b
Page 169 and 170:
Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 26110: Cu
Page 171 and 172:
growing this cultivar in Costa Rica
Page 173 and 174:
Technical bulletins Argel, P. J. an
Page 175 and 176:
International Seminars Argel, P. J.
Page 177 and 178:
LIST OF PROJECT PROPOSALS DEVELOPED
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Feeding Systems with Legumes to Intensify Dairy Farms - cgiar

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